野生动物禁食的法律限度与规制路径  

Legal Limit and Regulation Path of Prohibiting the Consumption of Wild Animals

作　　者：鄢德奎 YAN Dekui(Law School,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期112-120,共9页Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：福建省创新战略研究计划资助项目(2020R0027);中国博士后科学基金第67批面上资助(2020M671421)。

摘　　要：禁食野生动物本身就是保护人类自己,旨在保障人民群众生命健康和维护生态安全。然而,对公共利益构成风险的个人自由并不必然要被立法禁止,立法全面禁食野生动物势必涉及公共卫生安全的公共利益和野生动物食用自由的个人利益之间的平衡问题。因此,禁食野生动物须有一定限度,不能采用“一刀切”的方式,而是应当在评估人畜共患病风险的基础上,尊重野生动物合法驯养者的信赖利益,保障长期以食用野生动物为生的居民生存权。为了保证禁食野生动物制度的顺利实施,围绕着野生动物禁食中的“禁哪些、怎么禁”问题,重新厘定野生动物的分类禁食边界、塑造野生动物禁食的多元共治格局、构建全流程野生动物禁食监管体系、完善野生动物禁食监管的保障措施,以确立野生动物食用风险防范的常态化机制。Prohibiting the consumption of wild animals is to protect human life.It aims to protect people’s health and maintain ecological safety.However,it may not be inevitable to prohibit the individual freedom that causes risk to the public interest by law.Complete prohibition of the consumption of wild animals concerns the balance between the public interest of public hygiene and safety and the individual interest and freedom of eating wild animals.Therefore,there shall be a limitation posed on this prohibition.The one-size-fits-all approach is not applicable.Instead,based on a comprehensive analysis on the risk of zoonosis,the reliance interest of the wild animal breeders should be respected,and the subsistence right of those feeding on wild animals for a living in the long term should be protected.In order to ensure smooth implementation of the complete prohibition of the consumption of wild animals,the content and methods of the prohibition should be made clear.The categories included in the prohibition scope should be defined,a multi-governance pattern should be created,a full-process supervisory system should be developed,and the supporting measures should be improved,so as to put in place a regular mechanism for risk control concerning the consumption of wild animals.

关 键 词：野生动物禁食 公共卫生 个人自由 禁食监管 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]