Artificial muscles driven by the cooperative actuation of electrochemical molecular machines.Persistent discrepancies and challenges  

作　　者：Toribio Fernández Otero 

机构地区：[1]Laboratory of Electrochemistry,Intelligent Materials and Devices,Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena.Aulario III,Campus Alfonso XIII,Cartagena,Spain

出　　处：《International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials》2017年第4期125-143,共19页国际智能和纳米材料杂志（英文）

基　　金：This work was supported by the Fundación Séneca[19253/PI/14].

摘　　要：Here we review the persisting conceptual discrepancies between different research groups working on artificial muscles based on conducting polymers and other electroactive material.The basic question is if they can be treated as traditional electro-mechanical(physical)actuators driven by electric fields and described by some adaptation of their physical models or if,replicating natural muscles,they are electro-chemo-mechanical actuators driven by electrochemical reaction of the constitutive molecular machines:the polymeric chains.In that case the charge consumed by the reaction will control the volume variation of the muscular material and the motor displacement,following the basic and single Faraday’s laws:the charge consumed by the reaction determines the number of exchanged ions and solvent,the film volume variation to lodge/expel them and the amplitude of the movement.Deviations from the linear relationships are due to the osmotic exchange of solvent and to the presence of parallel reactions from the electrolyte,which originate creeping effects.Challenges and limitations are underlined.

关 键 词：Electromechanical actuator electro-chemo-mechanical artificial muscle molecular machines CREEPING osmotic effects 

分 类 号：O62[理学—有机化学]