聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备方法及其微孔材料导电性能的研究  

Preparation Method of Polymer-based Nanocomposites and Research on Electrical Conductivity of Microporous Materials

作　　者：柳晶敏 王建康 刘子畅 LIU Jingmin;WANG Jiankang;LIU Zichang(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry&Food Machinery and Equipment,College of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University Science and Technology,Tianjin 300222,China;Tianjin Polymorphic Hybrid Machinery Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学机械工程学院天津市轻工与食品工程机械装备集成设计与在线监控重点实验室,天津300222 [2]天津多态混机械设备有限公司,天津300222

出　　处：《塑料工业》2022年第9期126-131,共6页China Plastics Industry

摘　　要：提出了一种可以连续制备聚合物/高质量分数纳米纤维复合材料的方法,先利用挤条机、滚圆机制得聚合物/纳米纤维的混合颗粒,再利用熔融挤出,制得高质量分数的聚合物/纳米纤维复合材料。利用此法制备了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/碳纤维(CF)复合材料,并对其进行超临界流体辅助发泡及性能测试。结果显示,CF加入会一定程度降低材料的力学性能,其中CF的质量分数为20%时,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大,分别为7.97 MPa和91%;TPU/CF复合材料的导电逾渗阈值介于25%~30%之间,CF质量分数为30%时体积电阻率为6.5×10^(7)Ω·mm,比25%的下降了3个数量级;随着发泡后的收缩现象,复合材料的电阻率呈先上升后下降的趋势。A method for the continuous preparation of polymer/high-content nanofiber composites was proposed.Firstly,the mixed particles of polymer/nanofiber were obtained by extruder and spheronizator,and then melt extrusion was used to obtain high-content polymer/nanofiber composites.Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU)/carbon fiber(CF)composite material was prepared by this method,and its supercritical fluid-assisted foaming and performance tests were carried out.The results show that the addition of CF could reduce the mechanical properties of the material to a certain extent.When the CF content is 20%,the tensile strength and elongation at break are the largest,which are 7.97 MPa and 91%,respectively.The conductive percolation value of TPU/CF is between 25%and 30%,the volume resistivity of 30%is 6.5×10^(7)Ω·mm,which is 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of 25%.With the shrinkage phenomenon after foaming,the resistivity of the composite material increases first and then decreases.

关 键 词：复合材料 碳纤维 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 体积电阻率 超临界流体发泡 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TQ327.3