爱新觉罗家族早期谱系的构建与明末建州女真部统治权的重新整合  

The Construction of Early Pedigree of Aisin Gioro Clan and the Re-integration of the Ruling Power of Jianzhou Jurchen in late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：韦兰海 王懿冰 WEI Lanhai;WANG Yibing(School of Ethnology and Anthropology,Inner Mongolia Normal University)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学院,呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《清史研究》2022年第5期1-14,共14页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家民委民族研究基地项目(2021-GMG-035);内蒙古师范大学引进高层次人才科研启动项目(112/1004032102)阶段成果。

摘　　要：基于此前对史料的长期研究,史学界认为爱新觉罗家族与建州女真早期首领孟特穆之间的直系谱系继承关系存在疑问,而与觉尔察氏之间存在晚近同源关系。生物人类学(父系Y染色体)的高精度分析显示,爱新觉罗家族与福陵觉尔察氏共享在努尔哈赤出生之前200多年(约合7代人)的生物学父系祖先。我们考察明代末期相关关键人物的活动历史,进行人类学阐释,认为爱新觉罗家族早期谱系的构建很可能是有坚实依据的,可能是母系联姻或(及)养子的后裔,符合古今普遍接受的宗法制度。其原因是在从部落向国家转变过程中,用新方式对旧的部落组织和离散的统治权进行重新整合,最终构建对建州三卫及相关人群的完整统治权。Based on the previous long-term research of historical records,historians generally believe that there is some doubt about the lineal inheritance relationship between the Aisin Gioro clan and the Dudu Mengtemu (a.k.a.M?ngke Temür),the leader of Jianzhou Jurchen tribes,but there is a later homologous relationship with the Juercha family.The high-precision analysis of Biological Anthropology (paternal Y chromosome) shows that the Aisin Gioro family and the Fuling-Juercha family share biological paternal ancestors more than 200 years (about 7 generations) before Nurhachi.We investigated the activity history of relevant key persons in the late Ming Dynasty and made an anthropological interpretation.Finally,we proposed that the construction of their early genealogy is likely to have a solid basis,which is likely to be the descendants of marriage or (and) adopted children,in line with the patriarchal system generally accepted in ancient and modern times.The motivation of construction of pedigree is to re-integrate the old tribal organization and divided ruling power in a new way in the process of transformation from tribe to state,and finally establish a complete ruling power over the three Jianzhou Guards and even all people of Jianzhou Jurchen tribes.

关 键 词：爱新觉罗 觉尔察 人类学 谱系构建 建州女真 

分 类 号：K249.1[历史地理—历史学]