花针期水氮互作对铁引花2号花生氮素累积与分配及产量的影响  

The Effects of Irrigation-and-Nitrogen-Fertilizer Interaction on the Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution and Yield of Peanut

作　　者：修俊杰[1] 赵新华[2] 刘学良[1] XIU Jun-jie;ZHAO Xin-hua;LIU Xue-liang(Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tieling Liaoning 112000,China;College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]铁岭市农业科学院,辽宁铁岭112000 [2]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2022年第4期454-461,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术厅农业攻关及产业化项目(2020JH2/10200010)。

摘　　要：为明确花针期水氮互作对铁引花2号花生氮素累积与分配及产量的影响,解决花针期短期干旱如何运用氮肥来调控等问题,以铁引花2号为试材,采用盆栽方法,在铁岭市花生试验示范基地对花针期土壤短期干旱及复水后氮对花生各器官干物质、氮累积和分配及产量的影响进行试验研究。试验设正常灌水(含水量在75%)和花针期短期干旱(土壤含水量自然减少8d,出现萎蔫后复水至正常水处理),每个水处理设3个氮水平(0,90,180kg·hm^(-2))。结果表明:与正常水处理相比,花针期干旱处理明显降低了花生植株各器官干物质重及氮累积量,但是增加了植株的氮含量,同时花针期干旱处理降低了花生植株叶片中的干物质和氮的分配指数,但增大了根的分配指数,增加了根冠比。干旱胁迫条件下施氮肥能增加花生植株的干物质重、氮累积量、水分胁迫指数。复水对花生植株生长有补偿效应,其中根最明显,根的干物质重和氮的累积量都明显高于正常水处理,增施氮肥更有助于补偿花生植株的损失。花针期干旱胁迫结束时和复水后10d,干旱处理的花生植株以90kg·hm^(-2)水平下荚果干物质重最高,根冠比最小,植株生长最为协调,收获后产量最高。综合分析认为,花针期干旱胁迫下不施(0kg·hm^(-2))或过量(180kg·hm^(-2))施氮肥都不利于花生产量的提高,在此试验设置的3个施氮水平中,花针期土壤干旱胁迫条件下以90kg·hm^(-2)较适宜。The pot experiment was carried out under the rainproof shelter of Tieling Peanut Demonstration Base to clarify the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer interaction on the nitrogen accumulation and distribution and yield of peanut and solve how to use nitrogen fertilizer to control the short-term drought in pod-pin stage. It was conducted by a normal irrigation(the water content was about 75%.) and a short drought treatment(naturally reduced by 8 days, and then re-watered to normal after wilting) at the pod-pin stage, within three nitrogen levels(0, 90, 180kg·hm^(-2)). The effects of nitrogen on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution,and yield was studied under drought stress and afterward re-watering at pod-pin stage. The results indicated that, the pod-pin stage drought treatment reduced the dry matter weight and nitrogen accumulation, and increased the nitrogen content, in addition, it reduced the partitioning indices of the dry matter and nitrogen in peanut leaves, and increased that of roots and the root-shoot ratio. Nitrogen application increased the dry matter weight, nitrogen accumulation, and increased water stress index under drought stress, and there was obviously compensatory effect on the growth of peanut after re-watering, especially for root, the dry weight and the accumulation of nitrogen in root were both obviously higher than normal, the increase of nitrogen helped to compensate for the loss of peanut plants.At pod-pin stage, the peanut plants got the highest pod yield, the lowest root-shoot ratio, the most coordinated plant growth, and the highest yield at 90kg·hm^(-2)level under water stress at the end of water control and 10 days after re-watering. Finally, at pod-pin stage, non-nitrogen(0kg·hm^(-2))and over nitrogen(180kg·hm^(-2))supply are bad for increasing of production, and the 90kg·hm^(-2)level is more suitable in the three nitrogen levels(0, 90, 180kg·hm^(-2)) under drought stress.

关 键 词：花生 花针期 水氮互作 氮素累积与分配 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]