含能化合物的生物合成反应  

Biosynthetic reaction of energetic compounds

作　　者：马铮 姜雨佳 于洋 李春 MA Zheng;JIANG Yujia;YU Yang;LI Chun(Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Institute of Biochemical Engineering,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化学与化工学院生物化工研究所医药分子科学与制剂工程工信部重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2022年第5期465-475,共11页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21878020);国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0903300、2016YFA0502400)。

摘　　要：近年来随着工业生物技术的发展,以微生物作为细胞工厂,利用可再生原料实现绿色制造工业化学品和材料成为可能。同时,开发与环境相容的生物合成技术为含能化合物的生产提供了可持续的解决方案,为绿色化学合成工艺提供有益补充。本文中,笔者从技术成熟程度递减的前驱体合成、基团和骨架合成、合成技术这三个层次总结了含能化合物的生物合成反应,总结了通过整合已知酶和代谢通路合成含能化合物前驱体的方法;基于含能化合物的基团特异性,综述了含能化合物中常见的硝基、肼基和氧化偶氮基等基团及含氮杂环骨架的生物合成反应;介绍了有助于实现特定功能酶定制开发的蛋白质定向进化和酶计算设计技术,为实现含能化合物的生物全合成奠定基础。With the development of industrial biotechnology,it is possible to convert microorganisms to cell factory and use renewable materials as feedstock for green manufacturing.Meanwhile,environmentally compatible green synthesis technology provides a sustainable solution to the manufacturing of energetic compounds,to enrich the green chemical synthesis technology.In this review,we summarize biosynthetic reactions of energetic compounds in the order of precursor synthesis,scaffold and group formation,biosynthesis technologies,whose development is in descending order.We reviewed the method to synthesize precursors of energetic compounds through integration of known enzymes and metabolic pathways.We review biosynthetic reactions for nitro-,hydrazine and azoxy groups,as well as nitrogen-containing heterocycles,which are common in energetic compounds.We also discuss technologies for protein directed evolution and enzyme computational design,which could lead to designer enzymes and lays the foundation for total biosynthesis.

关 键 词：含能化合物 生物合成 蛋白质工程 生物硝化 含氮杂环 

分 类 号：Q814.1[生物学—生物工程]