中国老年人健康状况及影响因素分析——基于第8轮CLHLS数据  

Analysis of health status and influencing factors in Chinese elderly:based on the 8th round CLHLS data

作　　者：林雪茹 郑超 杜茂林 孙金海[4] 刘玉青 赵哲 吕奕鹏 袁磊[4] LIN Xue-ru;ZHENG Chao;DU Mao-lin;SUN Jin-hai;LIU Yu-qing;ZHAO Zhe;LÜYi-peng;YUAN Lei(Department of Medical Administration,Teaching and Research Support Center,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550002,Guizhou,China;Department of Office,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Health Management,Faculty of Health Services,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Emergency Medicine,Naval Medical Center,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Social Medicine and Health Management,School of Public Health,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200052,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)教研保障中心医疗管理室,上海200433 [2]贵州中医药大学第二附属医院针灸康复科,贵阳550002 [3]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)办公室,上海200433 [4]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)卫生勤务学系健康管理学教研室,上海200433 [5]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)海军特色医学中心急诊医学科,上海200433 [6]上海交通大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理系,上海200052

出　　处：《海军军医大学学报》2022年第9期1022-1028,共7页Academic Journal of Naval Medical University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(2022-skjj-c-033);军队双重学科建设项目-03;上海市浦江人才计划(2020PJC081);上海交通大学新进青年教师启动计划(21X010501094)。

摘　　要：目的探索中国老年人健康状况的影响因素,为卫生管理部门制定老年人健康相关政策提供参考和理论依据。方法基于第8轮中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,纳入12164名65岁及以上老年人的应答资料。根据Grossman健康需求模型,从人口学特征、社会支持、生活方式和经济状况4个维度,选取年龄、性别、BMI、婚姻状况、居住状态、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、锻炼情况、社交活动、年收入、居住地等指标进行研究。采用χ^(2)检验和logistic回归方法分析中国老年人健康状况的影响因素。结果47.79%(5813/12164)的老年人健康状况好,男性老年人中健康状况好的比例(50.09%,2821/5632)高于女性老年人(45.81%,2992/6532;χ^(2)=22.240,P<0.001)。健康状况好和健康状况差的老年人年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、规律锻炼情况、社交活动、年收入、居住地9个因素的分布特征均不同(P均<0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、性别、BMI、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、规律锻炼情况、社交活动及年收入是老年人健康的重要影响因素(P均<0.05),其中年龄≥100岁、男性、BMI正常或偏高、丧偶、规律锻炼、参与社交活动、年收入较高是老年人健康的保护因素(OR=1.141~1.580),曾经吸烟、曾经饮酒、从未饮酒是其危险因素(OR=0.491~0.828)。结论在面临人口严重老龄化的现况下,我国相关部门应高度重视老年人特别是女性和低收入群体的健康,加大对老年人群体的健康教育与宣传,引导老年人形成良好的生活习惯,并鼓励社会提供更多的养老服务。Objective To explore the influencing factors of the health status of the elderly in China,so as to provide suggestions and theoretical basis for the health management departments to formulate policies related to the health of the elderly.Methods Based on the data of the 8th round of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),response data from 12164 elderly people(≥65 years old)were included.According to Grossman health demand model,age,gender,body mass index(BMI),marital status,residence,smoking,drinking,exercise,social activity,annual income and residence from 4 dimensions(demographic characteristics,sociological,lifestyle,and economic status)were selected.Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the health status of Chinese elderly.Results Fortyseven point seven nine percent(5813/12164)of the elderly were in good health,and the proportion of male elderly with good health(50.09%,2821/5632)was significantly higher than that of female elderly(45.81%,2992/6532)(χ^(2)=22.240,P<0.001).The distribution characteristics of 9 factors(age,gender,BMI,smoking,drinking,exercise,social activity,annual income,and residence)of the elderly with good health or poor health were significantly different(all P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis results showed that age,gender,BMI,marital status,smoking,drinking,exercise,social activity and annual income were important influencing factors of the health of the elderly(all P<0.05).Age≥100 years old,male,normal or high BMI,being widowed,exercising,participating in social activities and high annual income were protective factors of the health of the elderly(odds ratio[OR]=1.141-1.580),and ever smoking,ever drinking and never drinking were risk factors(OR=0.491-0.828).Conclusion With the serious aging problem of the population,government departments must attach great importance to the health of the elderly(especially females and those with low income),promote health education and publicity for the elderly,guide the elderly to ha

关 键 词：老年人 自评健康状况 影响因素 中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]