《南海行为准则》与地区秩序的重构  

The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea and Reconstruction of Regional Order

作　　者：周士新[1] ZHOU Shixin(Institute for Foreign Policy Studies,Shanghai Institutes for International Studies,Shanghai 200233)

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院外交政策研究所,上海200233

出　　处：《南洋问题研究》2022年第3期40-50,共11页Southeast Asian Affairs

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家海洋治理体系构建研究”(17ZDA172)。

摘　　要：南海地区秩序的演变是一个非常复杂的过程,二战后大致经历了4个阶段,既体现了域内国家之间的关系和互动程度,更反映了域外大国之间及其和域内国家之间的关系。作为一个全球性霸权国家,美国始终在南海地区秩序中居于绝对或相对主导的地位,并根据南海地区形势的变化强化或弱化其影响力。南海地区秩序当前正处于美国的主导地位相对衰落,而地区国家试图重塑南海地区秩序的关键时期。《南海行为准则》是南海周边国家重塑南海地区秩序的重要规范性文件。冷战结束伊始,东盟国家先独自签署,而后又与中国磋商签署了一系列关于促进南海安全与稳定的政策文件,并建立了一些合作机制,已经成为塑造南海地区新秩序的中坚力量。当前,《南海行为准则》的磋商已经进入关键阶段,对重塑南海地区秩序将发挥关键作用。然而,《南海行为准则》本身还存在很多盲区,在落实中可能会遇到一些难点,其塑造南海地区秩序的能力仍有待观察,可能需要各方在未来付出更大努力。The evolution of the regional order in the South China Sea is a very complex process, which not only reflects the mutual relations and interaction degree between regional countries, but also shows the relations between extraterritorial major powers as well as that between them and local countries. There are about four periods after the WWII. As a global hegemonic country, the United States has always been in an absolutely dominating or relatively dominating position in the regional order in the South China Sea, and its influence has been strengthened or weakened according to changes in the South China Sea. The regional order in the South China Sea is currently in a critical period when the US’s dominance is relatively declining, while regional countries are trying to reshape the regional order in the South China Sea. The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea is an important normative document for the countries surrounding the South China Sea to reshape the regional order in the South China Sea. At the beginning of the end of the Cold War, ASEAN countries signed a series of policy documents on promoting security and stability in the South China Sea first alone, then consulted with China, and established some cooperation mechanisms, which have become the backbone of shaping the new order in the South China Sea. At present, the consultation on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea has entered a critical stage and will play a key role in reshaping the regional order in the South China Sea. However, there are still many blind spots in the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea, and some difficulties may be encountered in its implementation. The ability to shape the regional order in the South China Sea remains to be seen and may require greater efforts from all parties in the future.

关 键 词：《南海行为准则》 《东盟南海宣言》 《南海各方行为宣言》 地区秩序 规范重构 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学]