清代的人口变化与城市化特征探析  

The Population Change and the Features of Urbanization in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：何一民[1] HE Yimin

机构地区：[1]四川大学城市研究所

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期23-40,共18页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“大型中国史通史编纂”(12AZD083)。

摘　　要：17世纪中叶至20世纪初是农业时代中国人口大发展的一个重要时期,也是中国城市大发展的一个重要时期,中国人口一度占世界人口总量的37%,但是中国城市人口却只占世界城市人口的11.5%,城市人口的增长远低于总人口的增长,城市化水平相比宋明等历史时期不升反降,其主要原因在于中国在此一时期仍然处于农业时代,小农业与家庭手工业相结合的自然经济不能支撑城市化高速发展。19世纪中叶以后,中国被西方资本主义国家以武力强行纳入半殖民地体系,城市化开始艰难起步,但仍受到自然地理、政治、经济等多方面条件的制约,呈现出发展不平衡等特征,并对20世纪中国城市化的发展产生了深远的影响。The period from the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century is important for both China's population increase in the agricultural era and China's urban development.China once accounted for 37%of the world's population,but people living in urban areas were merely 11.5%of the world's urban population.Compared with the Song and Ming Dynasties,the urbanization level in the Qing Dynasty went down mainly because China then remained in the agricultural era and the high development of urbanization was not supported by the natural economy of integrating small-scale farming with household handcraft industry.After the middle of the 19th century,China was forced by the western capitalist countries into the semi-colonialism system and started its urbanization with difficulty.Limited by geographical,political and economic factors,the urbanization displayed features of unbalanced development and exerted profound influence upon the later urbanization of China in the 20th century.

关 键 词：中国城市化 农业时代 城市人口 自然经济 半殖民地现代经济 独立工业化 

分 类 号：C924.25[社会学—人口学] K249[历史地理—历史学]