试析新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决定及其重要性  

Analysis on the Decision on the Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights Relating to the COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Significance

作　　者：张乃根[1,2,3] Zhang Naigen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学 [2]复旦大学知识产权研究中心 [3]中国国际法学会

出　　处：《知识产权》2022年第9期53-69,共17页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决定是WTO第12届部长级会议通过的“一揽子”成果中最令人瞩目的,对于国际社会同舟共济,抗击新冠肺炎疫情大流行,提升对多边贸易体制的信心,意义重大。中国不仅倡议将新冠疫苗作为全球公共产品,向世界各国和国际组织提供大量自主研发生产的安全有效疫苗,而且主动放弃适用该豁免决定,彰显了负责任大国的担当,身体力行推进构建人类卫生健康共同体。该豁免决定在现行专利强制许可的国际规则基础上,给予符合条件的发展中国家最大程度的灵活性,授权其实施特殊的新冠疫苗相关专利强制许可。我国应履行放弃适用该豁免决定的承诺,并充分利用现行规则,统筹国内法治与涉外法治,建立健全公共健康相关知识产权制度。The decision on a waiver of intellectual property rights relating to the COVID-19vaccine is the most attractive result of the "single package" adopted by the 12th ministerial conference of the World Trade Organization. It is very significant for the international community to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and to increase its confidence on the multilateral trade system. China proposed to have the COVID-19 vaccine as the global public goods while providing more than two billion doses of vaccines produced by Chinese companies with safety and effectiveness, and giving up the waiver,which demonstrates China’s responsibility as the largest developing country and its effort to promote a global community of health for all. The waiver decision is based on the existing international rules of compulsory patent licensing to grant the eligible developing countries the maximum flexibility to enforce the special compulsory licensing relating to the COVID-19 vaccine. China shall implement the commitment on giving up the waiver, and meantime, fully apply the existing rules for the improvement of the intellectual property rights relating to the public health in considering the coordination of domestic laws and the laws for foreign affairs.

关 键 词：新冠疫苗 知识产权 强制许可 TRIPS协定 豁免 公共健康 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学] D997.1[政治法律—法学]