临近空间核爆炸碎片云运动特征与规律研究  

Motion characteristics and laws of the debris from a near-space nuclear detonation

作　　者：刘利 牛胜利[1] 朱金辉[1] 左应红[1] 谢红刚[1] LIU Li;NIU Shengli;ZHU Jinhui;ZUO Yinghong;XIE Honggang(Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi'an 710024,China)

机构地区：[1]西北核技术研究所,西安710024

出　　处：《核技术》2022年第10期69-76,共8页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应国家重点实验室专项经费项目(No.SKLIPR.1504)资助。

摘　　要：为了解临近空间核爆炸碎片云运动特征与规律,利用建立的临近空间核爆炸碎片云运动计算模型,对当量1 kt-10 Mt爆高30-80 km核爆炸碎片云运动进行了系统性计算研究。结果表明:碎片云最大上升高度、水平半径和上升速度随爆高和当量增加。爆高30 km千吨级核爆炸碎片云最大上升高度为13-16 km,爆后5 min最大水平半径为4-5 km,兆吨级核爆炸碎片云最大上升高度为20-40 km,爆后5 min最大水平半径为15-30 km;爆高80 km千吨级核爆炸碎片云最大上升高度为30-50 km,爆后5 min最大水平半径为20-40 km,兆吨级核爆炸碎片云最大上升高度为200-400 km,爆后5 min最大水平半径为110-220 km。当量较小、爆高较低时,碎片云形状演化为扁椭球形;当量较大、爆高较高时,碎片云形状演化为倒梨形。研究得到的碎片云运动参数可为临近空间核爆炸电离层和人工辐射带等地球物理效应研究提供缓发辐射源信息。[Background]The debris motion is an important phenomenon of a high-altitude nuclear detonation,which is also a foundation for the study of the geophysical phenomena such as the ionosphere effect and artificial radiation belt.[Purpose]The study aims to clarify the debris motion characteristics and laws from a near-space nuclear detonation.[Methods]Firstly,a fluid dynamics model of debris motion from a near-space nuclear detonation was established.Many influence factors were considered,such as the variation of energy dissipation,air density varies with height,gravity,air temperature rise caused by X-ray depositions and radiation cooling.Then the parameters of debris motion within the explosion equivalent of 1 kt-10 Mt and the explosion height of 30-80 km were systematically studied.The evolutions of parameters such as center height,horizontal radius,expanding velocity,ascending velocity,and shape of debris were given.Finally,the variation laws of typical characteristic parameters such as maximum ascending height and expanding radius changing with explosion height and explosion equivalent were summarized.[Results]When the explosion height is 30 km,the maximum rising height and the maximum horizontal radius at 5 min for a kiloton-level nuclear explosion debris are about 13-16 km and 4-5 km,the maximum rising height and the maximum horizontal radius at 5 min for a megaton-level nuclear explosion debris are about 20-40 km and 15-30 km.When the explosion height is 80 km,the maximum rising height and the maximum horizontal radius at 5 min for a kiloton-level nuclear explosion debris are about 30-50 km and 20-40 km,the maximum rising height and the maximum horizontal radius at 5 min for a megaton-level nuclear explosion debris are about 200-400 km and 110-220 km.When the explosion equivalent is small and the explosive height is low,the debris evolves into a flat ellipsoid.When the explosion equivalent is large and the explosion height is high,the debris evolves into an inverted pear shape.[Conclusions]The results show tha

关 键 词：临近空间核爆炸 碎片云 计算模型 运动规律 

分 类 号：TL91[核科学技术—核技术及应用]