广州市基层医疗机构53台DR设备放射防护检测分析  

Analysis of radiological protection test results of 53 DR devices in primary medical institutions in Guangzhou City

作　　者：张静波[1] 时绍轩 张林[1] 黎金荣[1] 莫素芳[1] 王德东[1] 李建杰[1] 吴锦银[1] 韦博 唐大川 黄润玲[1] 鲁恩洁[1] 刘学星 李永贤 ZHANG Jing-bo;SHI Shao-xuan;ZHANG Lin;LI Jin-rong;MO Su-fang;WANG De-dong;LI Jian-jie;WU Jin-yin;WEI Bo;TANG Da-chuan;HUANG Run-ling;LU En-jie;LIU Xue-xing;LI Yong-xian(Department of Radiological Protection,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心放射卫生科,广东广州510440 [2]广州医科大学第六临床医学院

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2022年第4期535-538,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：广州市卫生健康科技一般引导项目(20211A010046)。

摘　　要：目的 掌握广州市基层医疗机构医用数字X线摄影(digital radiography, DR)系统质量控制和机房放射防护现状。方法 参照医用数字X射线摄影(DR)系统质量控制检测规范和医用X射线诊断放射防护要求,采用分层随机抽样方法,2020年1—5月在广州市基层医疗机构选择在用的53台DR设备。结果 53台DR质量控制检测的合格率为69.8%。国产设备和进口设备的合格率分别为65.0%、84.6%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不合格检测项目包括管电压指示的偏离、光照与照射野四边的偏离、有用线束垂直度偏离、高对比度分辨力,其合格率分别为96.4%,94.3%,83.6%,86.3%,其余检测项目合格率均为100.0%。53间DR机房有不同程度的辐射泄漏,机房门泄漏率为67.3%、控制室门泄漏率为44.4%、观察窗的泄漏率为35.8%,高于其他位置泄漏率。结论 广州市基层医疗机构DR质量控制检测合格率较低,机房的泄漏情况较明显,需要加强辐射防护管理,落实对设备和场所的状态检测,完善对射线装置和辐射防护设施的维护与保养,以保障放射诊疗安全。Objective To master the status of quality control and radiation protection for machine room of medical digital X-ray(DR) system in primary medical institutions in Guangzhou, this paper made the relevant analysis.Methods From January to May 2020, 53 DR devices for radiological protection detection and evaluation analysis were selected by stratified random sampling in primary medical institutions in Guangzhou, according to the medical Digital X-ray(DR) System quality control test specification and medical X-ray diagnostic radiological protection requirements.Results The pass rate of 53 DR devices was 69.8%, with that of the domestic DR devices and imported DR devices being 65.0% and 84.6% respectively. The result showed that there was no significant difference(P>0.05). The indexes for testing included deviation of tube voltage indication, deviation of four edges of light field and irradiation field, useful harness verticality deviation rate and high contrast resolution, whose pass rates were 96.4%, 94.3%, 83.6%, 86.3% respectively, and the pass rates of other testing items were all 100%. There were different degrees of radiation leakage in 53 DR equipment rooms, among which the leakage rates of the doors of the equipment rooms(67.3%), the doors of the control rooms(44.4%) and the observation windows(35.8%) were relatively high.Conclusion The pass rate of quality control of medical DR system in primary medical institutions of Guangzhou is low, and leak situation in DR equipment room is serious. In order to optimize the protection from radiation and ensure the safety the staff and client in radiation rooms, it is necessary to strengthen the management of radiation, improve the maintenance of radiation equipment and protection measures and implement the status inspection of equipments and sites.

关 键 词：数字X线摄影 质量控制 放射防护 

分 类 号：R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]