新描写主义视角下连词“但”语法事实再认识  

A New Review of the Grammatical Facts of the Conjunction Dan(但)from the Perspective of New Descriptivism

作　　者：李乃东 张续龙 LI Naidong;ZHANG Xulong

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学中文系

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2022年第3期102-112,F0003,共12页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语复句历史演变研究及其语料库建设”(16ZDA207);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究课题“汉魏六朝因果标记搭配模式研究”(2019SJA1567);江苏省社会科学基金课题“汉魏六朝因果构式发展演变研究”(20YYD001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章从新描写主义视角出发,深化语言细节描写,发掘为学界忽略的连词“但”的微观语言事实。研究表明,在综合语料中,连词“但”使用频率更高,是标记转折语义的典型成员;在口语与书面语语料中,虽然二者都有使用,然而“但”在书面体中优势比较明显;与“但是”相比,“但”在对话式口语中使用较少,在叙述式书面语中使用较多;这与以往经验认识并不一致。受“但是”强话语标记功能影响,连词“但”在现代汉语中已经具备话语标记功能,实现了语法功能新拓展。此外目前多部词典工具书有关连词“但”“但是”差异的表述不够准确,有待深化修正。From the perspective of new descriptivism,this paper clarifies the detailed descriptions of language and rediscovers the microscopic linguistic facts of the conjunction Dan(但),which has been neglected by the academic circle.The research shows that in synthetic corpus the conjunction Dan(但)is used more frequently as a typical member of marking transition semantics.Compared with that in spoken language,Dan(但)has more advantages in written language.In comparison with Danshi(但是),Dan(但)is used less in conversational speeches and more in narrative writing.All these fi ndings are not quite consistent with people’s cognition from experience.Infl uenced by the strong discourse marking function of Danshi(但是),the conjunction Dan(但)has obtained the discourse marking function in modern Chinese,achieving a new expansion of grammatical functions.In addition,the statement of distinction between the conjunctions Dan(但)and Danshi(但是)in many dictionaries is not accurate and needs further revision.

关 键 词：新描写主义 但 典型成员 话语标记 再认识 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]