扭秤周期法测G实验物理教学实验研究  

Study of Physics Teaching Experiment on Determination of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant G with Time-of-Swing Method

作　　者：刘睿琦 黄通 徐浩 毛强兵 张玉彬 李栋 黎卿 LIU Ruiqi;HUANG Tong;XU Hao;MAO Qiangbing;ZHANG Yubing;LI Dong;LI Qing(Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics,School of Physics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学物理学院引力与量子物理湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2022年第3期52-59,共8页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：华中科技大学教学研究项目(2021107);基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0研究课题(20212067)。

摘　　要：万有引力常数G作为描述物体间引力相互作用强度的基本物理学常数,最早被物理学家认知。但由于引力作用非常微弱且不可屏蔽,万有引力常数G是目前精度最差的基本物理学常数。测G实验作为精密测量领域重要实验之一,对测量的精准度提出很高要求。该文基于扭秤周期法相关原理,设计了实验测量装置,精确测量扭秤、吸引质量的物理参量及其相对位置,并进行误差分析。基于所设计的测G装置,通过有、无球配置下周期数据积累,给出万有引力常数G测量结果。作为本科生创新性物理实验教学内容,在教学与实验过程中涉及到力学、运动学、光学、计量学等相关大学物理课程领域,有助于培养学生逻辑思维能力、实践动手能力、误差设计与分析能力,加深对相关知识点的理解与运用。The Newtonian gravitational constant G,as the basic physical constant describing the strength of gravitational interaction between objects,was one of the earliest fundamental constants introduced by physicists.Due to the weakness and unshielablity fo gravity,G still remains the least precisely known among all fundamental physical constants yet.As one of the important experiments in the field of precision measurement physics,the G measurement experiment puts high demands on the accuracy of the measurement.Based on the principles of the time-of-swing method,a simple G measurement is designed,the pendulum,the source mass and their relative positions are accurately measured.Based on the designed device,the measurement result of the gravitational constant G is given by accumulating periodic data with or without the source mass.As an innovative experiment on physics teaching for undergraduates,it involves mechanics,kinematics,optics,metrology and other related college physics courses in the teaching and experiment process,which helps to cultivate students’logical thinking ability,practical ability,and scientific analysis ability,and deepen the understanding of relevant knowledge points and apply them.

关 键 词：精密测量 万有引力常数 扭秤周期法 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]