基于SSR标记的砂仁种质资源遗传多样性与群体结构分析  

Genetic diversity and population structure of germplasm resources of Amomum villosum based on SSR markers

作　　者：李文秀 李进良 贺军军[1,2] 张华林 罗萍[1] 魏滢[3] 赵美婷 LI Wen-xiu;LI Jin-liang;HE Jun-jun;ZHANG Hua-lin;LUO Ping;WEI Ying;ZHAO Mei-ting(Zhanjiang Experimental Station/Guangdong Dry Farming Waler-saving Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center,China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjang 524091,China;South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,China Academy of Tropical Agriculural Sciences,Zhanjiang 524091,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Simao 665099,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术中心,广东湛江524091 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [3]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南思茅665099 [4]中山大学生命科学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2022年第17期4618-4626,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630102022001);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020221001);2019年度广东省农村科技特派员下乡发现问题凝炼科技助农项目。

摘　　要：砂仁为“四大南药”之一,其种质资源遗传背景复杂,探讨种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系,有利于理清砂仁种质来源和遗传背景,以便在砂仁亲本选配以及品种选育上提高效率。采用聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术,对收集的84份砂仁资源用71对SSR引物进行PCR扩增,筛选出54对多态性高的SSR引物,分析其遗传多样性。遗传多样性分析显示,54对SSR引物在84份材料中共出现293个等位基因,平均每对引物可检测到5.32个,变化范围为3~8个,其中AVL12标记等位基因数量最多;每个位点PIC值变化范围在0.068 7~0.828 9,均值为0.529 9,最高的为AVL24标记;不同来源地砂仁群体显示,云南群体遗传多样性最高,广西次之,广东最低。群体结构分析和聚类分析都将材料划分为2个类群。从来源地看,云南和广西两地材料亲缘关系较近,不同来源地的砂仁资源没有明显的分化。该研究利用54对SSR标记对84份种质资源材料的遗传多样性和群体结构进行分析,可反映不同种质来源和不同群体间的亲缘关系,从而为砂仁资源收集、研究和育种工作提供理论依据。Amomum villosum, serving as an important medicinal material, is complex in the genetic background of germplasm resources. Exploring the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of germplasm resources is conducive to clarifying the germplasm source and genetic background of A. villosum, so as to improve the efficiency of parent selection and variety breeding of A. villosum. Seventy-one pairs of SSR primers were used for PCR amplification of 84 A. villosum samples by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fifty-four pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism were screened out for the analysis of genetic diversity. The results showed that 293 alleles were detected from 84 germplasm resources by 54 pairs of SSR primers, with an average of 5.32 alleles for each pair of primers, and a variation range of 3-8, and the primer AVL12 marked the highest number of alleles. The PIC value of each locus varied from 0.068 7 to 0.828 9, with an average of 0.529 9, and the highest was marked by AVL24. The genetic diversity of A. villosum was the highest in Yunnan, followed by Guangxi, and the lowest was found in Guangdong. The population structure analysis and cluster analysis showed that the samples were classified into two groups. In terms of origin, samples from Yunnan and Guangxi had a close genetic relationship, and there was no obvious differentiation of A, villosum resources from different origins. In this study, 54 pairs of SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 84 germplasm resources, which can reflect the genetic relationship between A. villosum samples from different germplasm sources and different populations, thus providing a theoretical basis for the collection, research, and breeding of A. villosum resources.

关 键 词：砂仁 SSR分子标记 遗传多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]