中国社会福利发展的动因与机理  

Multiple Theoretical Explanations of Social Welfare Development:Concurrently Discussing of the Motivation and Mechanism of Social Welfare Development in China

作　　者：卫小将[1] WEI Xiao-jiang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,北京100872

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2022年第5期59-71,236,共14页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2022年中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(22XNA025)。

摘　　要：学界主要聚焦于如何发展社会福利的研究,对于为何发展社会福利则讨论不足,从学理上廓清社会福利发展的动因与机理尤为重要。西方社会福利发展包括趋同论、扩散论、意识形态论、文化论与个体精英论等多元解释,这些理论难以完全解释中国现实。中国共产党是中国社会福利发展的主驱力:一是马克思主义激发了中国人民建设福利社会的想象力与行动力;二是群众路线和以人民为中心的政党文化形塑着民众的公共性,唤醒了人民的社会权利和福利意识;三是对社会问题的探索和干预促进了社会福利的制度化建设;四是社会治理技术化客观上推动了社会福利的系统性与专业性。这些对于构建中国社会福利体系具有积极意义。The research mainly focuses on how to develop social welfare in academia,but discussion on why to develop it is insufficient,and it is particularly important to clarify the motivation and mechanism of social welfare development in theory. Through systematic literature review,we find western social welfare development has explanations from convergence theory,diffusion theory,ideology theory,Individual elitism and culture theory. But these theories couldn’t give a full explanation on China’s social welfare development. The Communist Party of China is the main driving force for China’s social welfare development: First,Marxism stimulates Chinese people’s imagination and action to build a welfare society;Second,the mass line and the people-centered party culture cultivate citizens’ publicity and awaken their awareness of social power and welfare;Third,the exploration and intervention on social problems promote the institutional construction of social welfare;Fourth,the technicalization of social governance advances the systematicness and professionalism of social welfare.

关 键 词：社会福利 多元理论 趋同理论 扩散理论 意识形态理论 文化理论 个体精英理论 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]