2017年内蒙古呼伦湖国家级自然保护区非雀形目鸟类组成和多样性  

Composition and Diversity of Birds Excluding Passeriformes in Inner Mongolia Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve in 2017

作　　者：特喜铁 谢宾 TE Xitie;XIE Bin(College of Life Science,Hulunbuir University,Hulun Buir 021008,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院生命科学学院,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第4期483-489,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区教育厅自然科学一般项目(NJZY22295)资助。

摘　　要：内蒙古呼伦湖国家级自然保护区是中国东北部以保护草原生态、湿地系统和珍稀濒危鸟类为主的综合性自然保护区。该保护区中的湿地是迁徙鸟类的重要停歇地。为了了解该保护区内迁徙期非雀形目鸟类的栖息状况,于2017年3~5月和9~11月,采用观察样带和样点方法,在该保护区内开展鸟类调查,研究鸟类群落(不包括雀形目)的组成、结构和多样性。研究结果显示,2017年调查期间,在呼伦湖国家级自然保护区内,记录12目17科41属81种鸟类(不包括雀形目),共22763只;2017年3~5月,记录12目17科41属79种鸟类(不包括雀形目),共20373只;2017年9~11月,记录10目12科26属42种鸟类(不包括雀形目),共2390只;在记录的81种鸟类中,白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、白枕鹤(Grus vipio)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)和丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)为国家一级重点保护野生动物,鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)、白额雁(Anser albifrons)和疣鼻天鹅(Cygnus olor)等22种鸟类为国家二级重点保护野生动物;在鸟类群落中,雁形目鸟类的物种数量(26种)最多,鸻形目鸟类的物种数量(19种)次之;芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽是呼伦湖国家级自然保护区中水鸟的主要繁殖和栖息地;2017年3~5月的鸟类群落(不包括雀形目)物种多样性水平高于9~11月。Inner Mongolia Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve in northeastern China that focuses on the protection of grassland ecology,wetland systems,rare and endangered birds.The wetlands in the reserve are important stopovers for migratory birds.In order to understand the habitat status of birds excluding Passeriformes during the migration period in the reserve,bird surveys in the reserve were carried out by observing transects and sampling points were set from March to May and September to November 2017.Bird surveys in this reserve are mainly to study the composition,structure and diversity of bird communities(excluding passerines).The results showed that birds(excluding passerines)of12 orders,17 families,41 genera and 81 species were recorded,there were 22763 individuals in the Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve during the survey period in 2017.From March to May 2017,birds(excluding passerines)of 12 orders,17 families,41 genera and 79 species were recorded,there were 20373 individuals.From September to November 2017,birds(excluding passerines)of 10 orders,12 families,26 genera and 42species were recorded,there were 2390 individuals.Among the 81 species recorded,the white crane(Grus leucogeranus),the white-naped crane(Grus vipio),the white-headed crane(Grus monacha)and the red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis)are national first-class protected birds.The 22 species of birds including swan geese(Anser cygnoides),the white-fronted geese(Anser albifrons)and mute swans(Cygnus olor)are national second-class protected birds.Among the bird communities,Anseriformes had the largest number of species(26 species),followed by Charadriiformes(19 species).Reed marshes are the main breeding and habitat for waterbirds in Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve.Bird community species(excluding passerines)diversity level was higher from March to May than that from September to November in 2017.

关 键 词：鸟类 迁徙 呼伦湖国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]