四种无尾两栖类染色体组型的比较研究  

A comparative investigation of the karyotypes from Four Amphibian species

作　　者：李树深 王应祥[1] 李崇云[1] 王蕊芳[1] 刘光佐 Li Shu-shen;Wang Yin-xiang;Li Chong-yun;Wang Rui-fang Liu;Guang-zuo(Kunming Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica.)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所

出　　处：《Zoological Research》1981年第1期17-24,共8页动物学研究（英文）

摘　　要：本文报道了四种无尾两栖类——Rana pleuraden Boulenger,R.cates-beiana(Shaw),R.japonica chaochiaoensis Liu和Hyla annectans (Jerdon)的染色体组型。采用秋水仙素—低渗—空气干燥法制作染色体标本。用骨髓及肠管作实验材料。蛙属(Rana)的三个种,2n=26,由5对大型染色体、8对小型染色体组成,都是中部或亚中部着丝点染色体,而无端部或亚端部着丝点染色体。他们共有一对亚中部着丝点染色体,即第三对染色体。以上两点表明其染色体演化上的同源性。但是,三者之间亦有明显的差异。滇蛙的次缢痕仅出现在第十对染色体的长臂上,而牛蛙,除此之外,在第七、八两对染色体的短臂上有之;而昭觉林蛙则有三个以上的次缢痕,而且长臂次缢痕不在第十对,而在第七、第八对染色体上,且有三对随体,第十对染色体的次缢痕是在短臂上。 华西雨蛙的2n=24,亦可分成二群:5对大型染色体为一群,7对小型染色体为另一群,次缢痕出现在第九对染色体的长臂上。The karyotypes of four Amphibian species-Rana pleuraden Boulenger, R. catesbeiana (Shaw), R. japonica chaochiaoensis Liu, and Hyla annectans (Jerdon) were determined from metaphase of bone marrow or epithlinum cells from gut tissue prepared by the colchicine-hypotonic-air drying technique. The morphological criteria-relative length, arm-ratio and presence of secondary constriction permit the identification of each of the component parts. Three species of Genus Rana, like most other members of the Genus, have 26 chromosomes which divide into a group of five large pairs and a group of eight small pairs. Relative chromosomal lengths are similar in all three species. But the 10th chromosome of R. pleuraden have a secondary constriction in the long arm, while that of R japonica chaochiaoensis are more than three. R. catesbeiana has only three. All the three species of Genus Rana have a large submetacentric chromosome, i. e. the 3rd chromosome. The above mentioned facts enable us to explain the homogenity of their evolution. The chromosomes of all the three species of genus Rana are meta- or submetacentric ones, without telo- or subtelo-centric ones. Like other species of tree frog, Hyla annectans has 24 chromosomes which divide into a group of 5 large pairs and a group of 7 small pairs, a secondary constriction located in the long arm of the 9th chromosome. There is no evidence of an heteromorphic sex pair of chromosomes in these four species.

关 键 词：染色体组型 大型染色体 次缢痕 昭觉林蛙 华西雨蛙 空气干燥法 蛙属 染色体组成 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]