灌区末级渠道量水设施水流水力特性数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of Flow Hydraulic Characteristics of Water Measuring Facilities in the Last Stage Channel of Irrigation Area

作　　者：李超[1] 王立新[2] 肖宇 路新川 LI Chao;WANG Li-xin;XIAO Yu;LU Xin-chuan(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;YR.Wanjiazhai Water Multi-Purpose Dam Project Co.,LTD,Taiyuan 030002,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古大学,呼和浩特010021 [3]黄河万家寨水利枢纽有限公司,太原030002

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第10期1-7,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51969025);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019MS05006)。

摘　　要：针对支渠以下末级渠道流量量测精度高和水头损失小的要求,寻求不同量水槽与流量相匹配的适用条件。采用标准k-ε方程模型模拟不同流量情况下巴歇尔槽和长喉道槽内的水流水力特性,分析了不同流量条件下的模拟精度、水面线、流速、流线及水头损失变化。结果表明:(1)巴歇尔槽和长喉道槽的流量模拟误差均在10%以内,但巴歇尔槽模拟精度整体优于长喉道槽,巴歇尔槽流量模拟精度随流量增加而增加,而长喉道槽模拟精度随流量增加而降低。(2)巴歇尔槽和长喉道槽均对上游渠道产生壅水作用,但相比于长喉道槽,巴歇尔槽内水面线降落比较平缓,导致同流量下巴歇尔槽水头损失小于长喉道槽。(3)由于巴歇尔槽喉道壅水作用明显,巴歇尔槽喉道内流速增大是产生水头损失的主要原因,而长喉道槽产生水头损失的主要原因为槽底部断面变化。因此,综合考虑下巴歇尔槽适合于渠道小流量量测,长喉道更适合渠道大流量量测。According to the requirements of high flow measurement accuracy and small head loss in the last stage channel below the branch channel,the suitable application conditions of different measuring flumes and flows were sought in this study.The standard k-εmodel was used to simulate the flow hydraulic characteristics of the Parshall flume and long-throated flume under different discharge.The simulation accuracy,water surface profile,velocity,streamline and head loss under various flow conditions were analyzed.The results show that:(1)the simulation accuracy of Parshall flume is better than that of long-throated flume with the errors for both being within 10%.There is high simulation accuracy of Parshall flume with the increase of discharge,while the simulation accuracy for long-throated will decrease with increase of discharge.(2)Both the Parshall flume and long-throated flume have backwater effect on the upstream channel.However,water surface fall in the Parshall flume is more gently than that in the long-throated flume,which leads to low water head loss in the Parshall flume.(3)Due to the obvious backwater effect of Parshall channel,the velocity in the throat increases greatly,which is the main reason leading to water head loss in Parshall flume.But for the long-throated flume,water head loss is mainly caused by the change of section at bottom of flume.Therefore,under comprehensive consideration,Parshall flume is suitable for low discharge measurement of channel,and long-throated flume is more suitable for high discharge measurement.

关 键 词：末级渠道 巴歇尔槽 长喉道槽 数值模拟 水力特性 水头损失 量水设施 

分 类 号：S277.7[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV131.3[农业科学—农业工程]