基于WOFOST模型的许昌烟草不同水文年型的灌溉方案  

Research on the Optimal Irrigation Scheme of Xuchang Tobacco Based on WOFOST Model

作　　者：郭建茂 金淑媛[2] 郭彩云 张展豪 李群山 GUO Jian-mao;JIN Shu-yuan;GUO Cai-yun;ZHANG Zhan-hao;LI Qun-shan(Wuxi Institute of Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Wuxi 214100,Jiangsu Province,China;School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Xuchang City Company of Henan Tobacco Company,Xuchang 461001,Henan Province,China;Xuchang Meteorological Bureau of Henan Province,Xuchang 461000,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学无锡研究院,江苏无锡214100 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044 [3]河南省烟草公司许昌市公司,河南许昌461001 [4]河南省许昌市气象局,河南许昌461000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第10期15-22,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20191139);河南烟草公司许昌分公司项目(2020411000240073)。

摘　　要：近年来,国内外已将作物生长模型广泛应用于多种农作物的产量预报、田间管理指导以及精确农业等方面。国内作物生长模型的应用研究多见于粮食作物,而烟草作为重要的经济作物尚缺乏相应的生长模拟模型的研究,目前国内利用作物模型主要在科研方面,且真正能指导生产的尚不多。引入生长模拟模型WOFOST对烟草生长模拟和灌溉进行相关开拓性研究。收集河南许昌烟草的历史种植资料,开展田间试验进行生长发育观测,获取必要的烟草生长模拟资料;对WOFOST模型进行参数校正与验证,完成模型参数的率定,实现烟草模型的本地化;设计多种灌溉方案,利用本地化模型展开模拟,以烟草生长期降水划分3种年型:丰水年、平水年、枯水年,对比分析不同年型烟草灌溉模拟结果,重点研究枯水年最优灌溉量、时间及次数。研究结果发现:WOFOST烟草模型通过率定,对许昌烟草生长模拟较好,可作为烟草生长研究和生产指导的利器;利用率定后的模型灌溉模拟研究发现丰水年、平水年灌溉效益低;枯水年则灌溉非常必要,在枯水年如采用单次灌溉,则在现蕾后10 d左右灌溉120mm最优;而两次灌溉总体效果优于单次灌溉,在现蕾前10~20 d、现蕾后20~30 d各灌溉120 mm,可提升产量最多,但有水资源的浪费;综合考虑节水,则同样时间段的两次各灌溉60 mm,可获得较高的灌溉贡献率,是最优的灌溉方案。研究认为WOFOST用于中国烟草生长模拟和灌溉管理是可行的,值得借鉴与推广。In recent years,crop growth model has been widely used in yield prediction,field management guidance and precision agriculture of various crops.Domestic research on the application of crop growth models is mostly in food crops,while tobacco,as an important economic crop,is still lack of research on growth simulation model.At present,the domestic use of crop models is mainly in scientific research,and there are few that can really guide production.This paper introduced the growth simulation model WOFOST to conduct relevant pioneering research on tobacco growth simulation and irrigation.The historical planting data of tobacco in Xuchang,Henan province were collected.Field experiments were carried out to observe the growth and development of tobacco,and the necessary growth simulation data were obtained.The parameters of the WOFOST model were corrected and verified to complete the calibration of the model parameters and realize the localization of the tobacco model.A variety of irrigation schemes were designed,and local models were used to carry out the simulation.The precipitation in the growing season of tobacco was divided into three types:wet year,normal year and dry year.The simulation results of tobacco irrigation in different types of years were compared and analyzed,focusing on the optimal irrigation amount,time and frequency in dry year.The results showed that the WOFOST tobacco model was a good model for the growth simulation of Xuchang tobacco,and could be used as a sharp tool for tobacco growth research and production guidance.Using the modified model to simulate irrigation,it was found that irrigation benefits were low in wet and normal years.In dry year,irrigation was very necessary.In dry year,if single irrigation was used,the optimal irrigation was 120mm about 10d after bud emergence.The overall effect of two irrigations was better than that of a single irrigation.Irrigation of 120mm was applied 10d-20d before bud emergence and 20d-30d after bud emergence,which could increase the yield the most,but t

关 键 词：烟草 WOFOST模型 水文年型 最佳灌溉方案 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]