垄沟集雨种植的研究进展  

Research Progress of Ridge-Furrow Rainwater Harvesting Systems effect effect effect of incision arthroplast

作　　者：张月荷 梁霞 曹浚铂 张雨晴 刘小利 王金金 任小龙[1,2] ZHANG Yue-he;LIANG Xia;CAO Jun-bo;ZHANG Yu-Qing;LIU Xiao-li;WANG Jin-jin;REN Xiao-long(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage in Northwest Loess Plateau,Minister of Agriculture/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第10期23-30,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871580,31871562);陕西省重点研发计划(2021NY-073);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2019BBF03011)。

摘　　要：在降雨量少且分配不均的干旱、半干旱地区,垄沟集雨种植技术的广泛应用有目共睹。在众多学者和农民共同努力下,该技术从最初简单的垄沟不覆盖技术已经衍生出各种应用模式。采用文献分析法,从垄沟结构、覆盖材料、土壤属性、作物产量、水分利用效率和温室气体排放等方面归纳了垄沟集雨种植技术的发展进程,客观地阐释了其对生产和环境的正负效应及发展前景。结果表明,垄沟集雨种植技术通过微地形改变和覆盖方式汇集雨水、减少蒸发面积,平衡不同覆盖材料的增温和降温效应,从而对土壤水热条件、肥力和农田生产力具有调控作用,促进作物生长,提高水分利用效率和产量,目前该技术的研究不仅局限于干旱、半干旱地区的单季作物,也延伸至两熟地区的周年生产中。然而,考虑到该技术未来发展可持续性,认为垄沟集雨种植技术结合环保型覆盖材料和模型模拟等方式将有利于缓解塑料地膜对环境的负效应,改善生产中难于机械化的问题。In arid and semi-arid areas where rainfall is low and unevenly distributed,it is obvious that ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting planting technology is widely used.Thanks to the joint efforts of many scholars and farmers,the technology has been derived from the original simple ridge-furrow and no-cover technology to various application modes.In this paper,the literature analysis method was used to summarize the development process of ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting from the aspects of structure,mulch material,soil properties,crop yield,water use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions.The positive and negative effects and development prospects of ridge and furrow rain harvesting technology on production and environment were objectively explained.The results showed that ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting technology could collect rainwater,reduce evaporation area and balance the warming and cooling effects of different mulching materials through micro-topographic changes and mulching methods,so as to regulate soil hydrothermal conditions,fertility and farmland productivity,promote crop growth,and improve water use efficiency and yield.At present,the research of this technology is not only limited to single-season crops in arid and semi-arid areas,but also extended to annual production in double-cropping areas.However,considering the sustainability of the technology in the future,it is believed that the ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting technology combined with environmentally friendly mulching materials and model simulation will be beneficial to alleviate the negative effects of plastic mulching film on the environment and improve the problem that the production is difficult to be mechanized.

关 键 词：垄沟集雨 垄沟结构 覆盖材料 土壤属性 土壤水热 水分利用效率 温室气体 产量 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S282[农业科学—农艺学]