水肥调控对甘蔗农艺性状和产量及水肥利用的影响  

Effect of Water-fertilizer Regulating on Agronomic Characteristics,Fruit Yield,Water and Fertilizer Use of Sugarcane

作　　者：孙梦恬 邵金华 周柳强[4] 黄凯 韦继鑫 卢兴达 黄振平 吴卫熊 SUN Meng-tian;SHAO Jin-hua;ZHOU Liu-qiang;HUANG Kai;WEI Ji-xin;LU Xing-da;HUANG Zhen-ping;WU Wei-xiong(Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanning 530023,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures,Nanning 530023,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区水利科学研究院,南宁530023 [2]广西水工程材料与结构重点实验室,南宁530023 [3]河海大学,南京210098 [4]广西农业科学院,南宁530007

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第10期50-55,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

摘　　要：为探讨广西甘蔗高效生产的水肥调控模式。以柳城05136品种的甘蔗为研究对象,采用4种灌溉方案(T1:6.53 m^(3)/hm^(2);T2:8.70 m^(3)/hm^(2);T3:10.87 m^(3)/hm^(2);T4:13.05 m^(3)/hm^(2))和5种施肥方案(F0:不施肥;F1:分蘖期重施;F2:分蘖-伸长期重施;F3:伸长期重施;F4:伸长-成熟期重施),分析甘蔗农艺性状和产量及水肥利用效率对水肥调控的响应规律。结果表明,F3和F4处理可显著增加甘蔗的有效茎数,T2处理显著提高甘蔗单茎重、株高和茎径。全生育期定量施肥中,增加伸长期(偏重生育盛期)施肥不同滴灌施肥水平条件下,F3处理下甘蔗产量(962.25 kg/hm^(2))、肥料利用效率(48.20%)和灌溉水利用率[10.47 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)]最佳;灌溉量对甘蔗产量和养分吸收利用状况的影响不明显,T1和T2处理下甘蔗灌溉水利用率显著提高。T2和F3处理为最优组合,即甘蔗节水增产的水肥调控模式为灌溉量为8.70 m^(3)/hm^(2)、伸长期重施肥料。该研究结果可为广西甘蔗水肥管理提供科学依据。The aim of this study was to explore the regulation mode of water and fertilizer for sugarcane efficient production in Guangxi Sugarcane of Liucheng 05136 was selected as the research object,and four irrigation schemes(T1:6.53 m^(3)/hm^(2);T2:8.70 m^(3)/hm^(2);T3:10.87 m^(3)hm^(2);T4:13.05 m^(3)/hm^(2))and 5 fertilization schemes(F0:no fertilization;F1:reapplication at tillering stage;F2:reapplication at tiller-extended stage;F3:reapplication at extended stage;F4:reapplication at elongation-maturity stage)to analyze the response rule of sugarcane agronomic traits,yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency to water and fertilizer regulation.The results showed that F3 and F4treatments significantly increased the effective stem number of sugarcane,and T2 treatment significantly increased the single stem weight plant height and stem diameter of sugarcane.Among the quantitative fertilizer applications throughout the reproductive period,the bes sugarcane yield(962.25 kg/hm^(2)),fertilizer utilization efficiency(48.20%)and irrigation water utilization rate(10.47 kg/hm^(2)/mm)were achieved under the F3 treatment with different drip irrigation fertilizer application levels for increasing elongation(favoring the peak of fertility).The effect of irrigation amount on sugarcane yield and nutrient uptake and utilization was not obvious.The utilization rate of sugarcane irrigation water was significantly increased under T1 and T2 treatments.T2 and F3 treatments were the optimal combination,tha is,the water and fertilizer regulation mode of sugarcane water-saving and yield increasing was the irrigation amount of 8.70m^(3)/hm^(2)and the heavy fertilizer application in the extended period.The results can provide scientific basis for sugarcane water and fertilizer management in Guangxi.

关 键 词：甘蔗 灌溉 施肥 产量 水肥利用 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]