磷矿制湿法磷酸技术综述  

Review on the technology of wet-process phosphoric acid from phosphate rock

作　　者：杨文娟 何宾宾[1,2] 朱桂华 龚丽 姜威[1,2] 方竹堃 海宇任[1] YANG Wenjuan;HE Binbin;ZHU Guihua;GONG Li;JIANG Wei;FANG Zhukun;HAI Yuren(National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Development and Utilization of Phosphorus Resources,Yunnan Phosphate Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650600,China;Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and New Materials of Phosphorus Chemical Industry in Yunnan Provience,Kunming 650600,China)

机构地区：[1]云南磷化集团有限公司国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650600 [2]云南省磷化工节能与新材料重点实验室,云南昆明650600

出　　处：《磷肥与复肥》2022年第8期26-28,共3页Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer

基　　金：云南省磷化工节能与新材料重点实验室(2019);国家重点研发计划“中低品位磷矿非常规体系动力学特征研究”(2018YFC1900202-2);国家重点研发计划“渣-酸高值化协同化利用技术及工程示范”(2018YFC1900206-4)。

摘　　要：综述硫酸法、盐酸法、硝酸法分解磷矿制湿法磷酸技术,比较不同的湿法磷酸生产工艺技术路线及存在的优缺点。硫酸法存在副产大量磷石膏等问题,磷石膏的综合利用较为困难,其中的可溶磷和氟化物对环境污染较严重;盐酸法对环境污染相对较小,但分解过程中副产大量的氯化钙废液难以有效利用;硝酸法生产能耗低,过程中无磷石膏产生,制高纯湿法磷酸适用性强,同时副产的复合肥产品具有高附加值,在减少固废排放的政策下具有较高的经济环保效益。The technology of sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid and nitric acid decomposing phosphate rock is briefly described to compare different wet-process phosphoric acid production techniques and their advantages and disadvantages.Sulfuric acid method has a large number of phosphogypsum by-product problems,the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum is more difficult,in which the soluble phosphorus and fluoride environmental pollution is more serious;Hydrochloride acid method is relatively small in environmental pollution,but it is difficult to use a large amount of calcium chloride waste liquid effectively;Nitric acid method has low energy consumption,no phosphogypsum production,producing high-quality nitrate fertilizer and producing high value-added compound fertilizer products,has strong applicability and has high economic and environmental protection benefits under the policy of reducing solid waste discharge.

关 键 词：湿法磷酸 硫酸法 盐酸法 硝酸法 

分 类 号：TQ126.35[化学工程—无机化工]