土地转入对农业兼业经营的影响:基于用工需求的异质性分析  

Impact of Land Transfer on Concurrent Agricultural Operations:A Heterogeneous Analysis Based on Labor Demand

作　　者：张苇锟 郑沃林 ZHANG Weikun;ZHENG Wolin(Institute for the Modernization of Urban and Rural Grassroots Governance,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,Guangdong,China;School of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;School of Credit Management,Guangdong University of Finance,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院城乡基层治理现代化研究所,广东湛江524048 [2]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广州510642 [3]广东金融学院信用管理学院,广州510520

出　　处：《农业经济与管理》2022年第5期50-63,共14页Agricultural Economics and Management

基　　金：广东省普通高校人文社会科学基金项目(2019KZDZX2030);清华农村研究博士论文奖学金(201901);国家自然科学基金政策研究重点支持项目(71742003)。

摘　　要：理论上,土地转入降低农户农业兼业经营程度,但二者关系如保有待了解。因此,构建了“土地转入——用工需求——农业兼业经营”的分析框架,基于粤赣2793名农户的调研数据,采取双栏模型实证验证土地转入与农业经营兼业化的关系。结果表明,相比于经济作物种植户,土地转入提高了粮食作物种植户兼业经营农业可能。究其原因,较高的粮食种植用工需求量促使农户通过机械外包作业释放劳动生产时间,增加农户农业兼业经营可能性,此效应在丘陵地区仍适用。与固定契约和工资契约相比,分成契约降低了土地转入对农户农业兼业经营的正向影响,减少农户农业兼业经营可能。基于此,为促进农业高质量发展,提出创新农业用工契约形式,推进农业社会化服务供给,促进农户由农业兼业经营走向农业规模经营的对策建议。Theoretically,the land transfer-in will reduce the degree of concurrent employment of farmers,but it is unknown what kind of dependency scenario exists.Using 2793 household survey data bases covering Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces,an analytical framework of"land transfer-in—labor demand—agricultural concurrent operation"was constructed and a two-column model was adopted to empirically verify the relationship between the land transfer-in and concurrent agricultural operation.The results showed that compared with cash crop farmers,land transfer-in promoted the likelihood of concurrent agricultural operation of food crop farmers,which was because the high demand for labors for grain cultivation encouraged farmers to outsource their work by machinery,thus freeing up labor and production time.This effect was still applicable in hilly areas.Further analysis indicated that compared with fixed contract and wage contracts,sharing contract reduced the positive impact of land inflow on the concurrent operation of farmers households.Based on this,to innovate the form of the agricultural labor contract especially promoting labor sharing contract management and to construct the socialized service system of agriculture were benefits for promoting farmers from concurrently operating agricultural production to scale agricultural operation,thus realizing the high-quality development of agriculture.

关 键 词：双栏模型 土地转入 农业兼业经营 用工需求 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F321.1