个人信息“选择退出”的应用与适配民法的规范机制  

THE APPLICATION OF “OPT-OUT” OF PERSONAL INFORMATION AND THE NORMATIVE MECHANISM OF ITS ADAPTATION IN CIVIL LAW

作　　者：梁芸 LIANG Yun(School of Law,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京海淀100038

出　　处：《南阳理工学院学报》2022年第5期34-41,共8页Journal of Nanyang Institute of Technology

基　　金：中国人民公安大学2021年双一流专项“数据权属与产权保障研究”。

摘　　要：个人信息“选择退出”机制虽然改变了“选择进入”下的传统同意授权模式,致力于维持个人信息保护与使用间的平衡,由信息权利人承担特定义务,即当权利人有效行为时才会发生否认使用个人信息的效果,否则即为同意使用。但关于“选择退出”中的行为是否为意思表示,能否适配传统民法上的相关概念进行使用尚需论证,该机制中知情同意的应用原理以及在同意后的使用反对规则的混乱,弱化了对个人信息的保护。在将该机制纳入个人信息保护的范畴时,为夯实其理论基础及规范机制,需要做出民法上的适配修正:将“选择退出”纳入意思表示的规范体系下,融合民法上的适用规范,奠定该机制的理论基础;明确知情同意规则在“选择退出”下的形式与内容,并连接“后悔权”的应用规制,明确告知义务,修正同意规则,捋清“选择退出”上的关键脉络;在个人信息分类下简析“选择退出”的应用,以严格规范其适用条件,防止其泛化使用,而后形成的系统化、体系化的个人信息保护规则更契合立法目的,有利于网络时代个人信息的保护与利用。Although the personal information “opt-out” system has changed the traditional consent authorization model under the “opt-in” and is committed to maintaining the balance between the protection and use of personal information, the effect of denying the use of personal information occurs only when the information right holder undertakes the specific obligation, that is, when the right holder acts effectively, otherwise it is consent to use. However, it is still necessary to demonstrate whether the act of "opt-out" is an expression of meaning and whether it can be used in accordance with relevant concepts in traditional civil law. The application principle of informed consent in this mechanism and the confusion of the rules against the use of consent also weaken the protection of personal information. When this mechanism is included in the scope of personal information protection, in order to consolidate its theoretical basis and normative mechanism, it needs to be adapted and amended in civil law: The “opt-out” is incorporated into the normative system of intention expression, and the applicable norms of civil law are integrated to lay the theoretical foundation of the mechanism. Clarifying the form and content of informed consent rules under “opt-out”, and based on the application regulation of “right of regret”, clarifying the obligation informing, revising the consent rules and clarifying the key context of “opt-out”;This paper analyzes the application of “opt-out” under the classification of personal information in order to strictly regulate its applicable conditions and prevent its extensive use. Then, the systematic and systematic personal information protection rules are more in line with the legislative purpose, which is conducive to the benign operation of personal information protection and utilization in the era of network data.

关 键 词：选择退出 意思表示 知情同意 后悔权 分类处置 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]