清水紫花苜蓿育性变异材料鉴定分析与生理研究  

Identification and physiological study of variation in reproductive fertility in clonal lines of Medicago sativa cultivar ’Qingshui’

作　　者：李自立 师尚礼[1] 阿芸 张辉辉 李小龙[1] LI Zi-li;SHI Shang-li;A Yun;ZHANG Hui-hui;LI Xiao-long(Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业学报》2022年第10期135-144,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划“草类植物种质创新与品种选育”(19ZD2NA002-3)资助。

摘　　要：对清水紫花苜蓿育性变异材料进行育性鉴定分析和生理变化研究,为培育不育系材料奠定基础。选取6株育性变异材料的无性繁殖株系GN-A_(1)、GN-A_(2)、GN-A_(3)、GN-A_(4)、GN-A_(5)和GN-A_(6)及育性正常植株(CK)在盛花期采集花粉粒进行I_(2)-KI育性染色鉴定及对不同发育时期花蕾的营养物质代谢指标[可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、淀粉(Sta)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)]、膜脂过氧化指标[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)]进行测定分析。结果表明:可育株(CK)染色率高达98.37%,花粉粒饱满且呈规则圆球状;GN-A_(1)、GN-A_(2)、GN-A_(3)、GN-A_(6)花粉染色率均低于5%,花粉粒干瘪且呈椭圆状或不规则状,初步鉴定属于不育株;GN-A_(4)、GN-A_(5)花粉染色率分别为54.80%、63.60%,干瘪花粉粒相对较少,多呈椭圆状,分别属于典型半不育株和半不育株。不育株(GN-A_(1)、GN-A_(2)、GN-A_(3)、GN-A_(6))花蕾随着发育时间的变化其SS、SP、Sta、Pro含量供应均在不同程度上出现了不足;不育株POD、SOD活性在整个发育时期均高于可育株,CAT活性在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ时期高于可育株而后逐渐降低,可育株的MDA含量在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ时期均显著高于不育株(P<0.05)。由变异系数分析可知,CAT、POD、SOD活性、SS、SP含量在不育株花蕾中变异幅度较大,而在可育株发育过程中较稳定,说明生理指标变化与育性的改变密切相关。A fertility analysis and identification and physiological characteristics of sterile material was undertaken in Medicago sativa cultivar‘Qingshui’to provide support for breeding sterile lines.Six clonal propagation lines(GN-A_(1),GN-A_(2),GN-A_(3),GN-A_(4),GN-A_(5) and GN-A_(6))with fertility variations were studied together with plants of normal fertility(CK).At the full flowering growth stage,pollen grains were collected for I_(2)-KI staining to determine fertility and flower buds were analyzed for nutrient metabolism indexes(soluble sugar,SS;soluble protein,SP;starch,Sta and proline,Pro)and for indicators of membrane lipid peroxidation(catalase,CAT;peroxidase,POD;superoxide dismutase,SOD and malondialdehyde,MDA)at different development stages.It was found that the pollen vital staining rate of fertile CK plants was up to 98.37%,and pollen grains were full and spherical.The pollen staining rates of GN-A_(1),GN-A_(2),GN-A_(3) and GN-A_(6) plants were all lower than 5%,and the pollen grains were dried up and mostly had elliptical or irregular shapes,and these were preliminarily identified as sterile plants.The pollen staining rate of GN-A_(4) and GN-A_(5) plants were 54.80%and 63.60%,respectively with the majority of pollen grains elliptical,and relatively few dried grains.These were classified as typical semi-sterile plants.The supply of SS,SP,Sta and Pro of sterile plants(GN-A_(1),GN-A_(2),GN-A_(3) and GN-A_(6))was insufficient as the floral development period progressed.Indicators of membrane lipid peroxidation,POD and SOD activities in sterile plants were higher than those in the fertile plants for the whole floral development period,while CAT activity of sterile plants was higher than that of fertile plants at floral development stageⅠandⅡ,and then decreased gradually.The content of MDA in the fertile plants was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that in the sterile plants at floral development stagesⅠ,ⅡandⅣ.CAT,POD and SOD activities,and SS and SP levels showed variation in the flower buds of st

关 键 词：清水紫花苜蓿 育性鉴定 生理 变异系数 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]