沙漠倒置河床研究进展及其对火星类似物研究的启示  

Study on the desert inverted channels and its implication for the study of the analogue on Mars

作　　者：梁爱民 董治宝[1] 张正偲 苏志珠[3] 李超[1] 张智[1] 吕萍[1] Liang Aimin;Dong Zhibao;Zhang Zhengcai;Su Zhizhu;Li Chao;Zhang Zhi;Lv Ping(Planetary Aeolian Research Institute/School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710119,China;Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of History and Culture,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学行星风沙科学研究院/地理科学与旅游学院,陕西西安710119 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]山西大学历史文化学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2022年第5期14-24,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41930641,41871008);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(GK202103144)。

摘　　要：沙漠倒置河床是干旱区一种特殊的河流状正地貌,这种地形倒置现象蕴含着河床由负转正的重要环境变化信息。本文遵循地貌学思路,基于全球范围内对沙漠倒置河床的研究报道以及野外勘察工作,对该地貌的空间分布、形态特征、物质组成、沉积结构以及形成机制进行了详细梳理。总体而言,世界各大主要沙漠地区均发育该地貌类型,其表层多为岩石碎屑或胶结物硬层,下伏质地相对松软的砂、黏土物质,由于河床和河岸周边沉积物的差异化侵蚀,河床被相对抬高。基于此,对火星倒置河床的成因机制、物质组成和形成时间进行了讨论。尽管对地球上沙漠倒置河床的研究已经取得一定进展,但未来研究仍需对其形成年代及其代表的气候意义进行深入分析;同时还应更多地与不同类型的火星倒置河床进行类比研究,这将对揭示火星水文活动和环境变化等科学问题提供重要依据。Desert inverted channel is a special river-liked positive landform in arid land,which contains information of significant environmental change that results in riverbed revising. Following the geomorphology law,this study investigated desert inverted channels around the world based on the published literature and our field observation. We summarized its spatial distribution,morphological characteristics,material composition,sedimentary structure and formation mechanism. Generally,inverted channels developed in the main sand seas around world. Its surface is composed of debris or cemented materials,subsurface consist of sandy-clay materials with a relatively soft texture. Due to the differential erosion of the sediments in the riverbed and riverbank,the riverbed is relatively elevated. Although some progress has been made in the study of deserts inverted channels on Earth,further research needs to be carried out in terms of their formation age and climatic significance.Meanwhile,more studies should be carried out to compare with the different types of inverted channels on Mars.This will provide important basis for revealing the hydrological activities and environmental changes on Mars.

关 键 词：倒置河床 沙漠 火星 成因机制 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]