山东省强筋小麦产量差及高产群体质量指标  

Yield Gap and High⁃Yield Population Quality Index of Strong Gluten Wheat in Shandong Province

作　　者：翟冬峰 余维宝 崔永升 李豪圣[1] 曹新有[1] 张宾[1] 孔令安[1] 王法宏[1] 李华伟[1] Zhai Dongfeng;Yu Weibao;Cui Yongsheng;Li Haosheng;Cao Xinyou;Zhang Bin;Kong Ling’an;Wang Fahong;Li Huawei(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Maize/Shandong Wheat Technology Research Center,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Denghai Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Laizhou 261400,China;College of Agronomy,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Lingcheng District Agricultural Development Center of Dezhou,Dezhou 253000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/山东省小麦技术研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东登海种业股份有限公司,山东莱州261400 [3]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [4]德州市陵城区农业开发中心,山东德州253000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第9期29-35,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目“优质强筋小麦突破性新品种选育”(2019LZGC001);泰山产业领军人才项目(tscy20190106)。

摘　　要：为量化山东省强筋小麦产量差,探寻其高产群体质量指标,为建立强筋小麦缩差途径提供理论依据,本试验在前期调研基础上,以高产优质强筋小麦济麦44为材料,综合肥料投入、播种密度和灌溉水平等管理措施,设置超高产水平(SH)、高产高效水平(HH)和农户水平(FP)3种种植模式处理,在山东济宁、德州、烟台和淄博4市定量研究分析不同种植模式强筋小麦的产量差及其小麦群体质量差异。结果表明,FP种植模式三年度平均产量为7977.3 kg/hm^(2),与SH和HH间存在着1439.9 kg/hm^(2)和922.1 kg/hm^(2)的产量差。小麦产量与分蘖成穗率、单株成穗数、开花期生物量、开花期叶面积指数(LAI)呈抛物线关系,与花后同化生物量、灌浆期LAI呈线性正相关,与灌浆期LAI衰减速率呈显著线性负相关。济麦44高产群体(≥9000 kg/hm^(2))的产量构成三要素为公顷穗数700万~730万、穗粒数33.1~36.5粒、千粒重43.2~45.1 g,基本苗数为最终穗数的35%~50%,拔节期最适茎蘖数为最终穗数的1.54~1.87倍,开花期生物量宜保持在15760~21050 kg/hm^(2)之间,开花期叶面积指数保持在6.8~7.4之间,灌浆期叶面积指数在4.8~5.4之间,花后同化生物量保持在7206~8810 kg/hm^(2)。This study was conducted in order to quantify the yield gap of strong gluten wheat in Shandong Province,and explore its high⁃yield population quality index,so as to provide theoretical bases for establishing the way of narrow strong gluten wheat yield gap.Based on the previous investigation,this experiment took the high⁃yield and high⁃quality strong gluten wheat Jimai 44 as material,integrated the management measures such as fertilizer input,planting density and irrigation levels,and three planting modes were set including super high⁃yield level(SH),high⁃yield and high⁃efficiency level(HH)and farmer level(FP).The yield gap of strong gluten wheat and the quality difference of wheat population under different planting modes were quanti⁃tatively analyzed in Jining,Dezhou,Yantai and Zibo of Shandong Province.The results showed that the aver⁃age yield of FP in three years was 7977.3 kg/hm^(2),and had 1439.9 kg/hm^(2)and 922.1 kg/hm^(2)yield gap with SH and HH respectively.The yield had parabolic relationships with tiller percentage,number of ears per plant,biomass and leaf area index(LAI)at anthesis stage.It was linear positively related to the post⁃anthesis assimilated biomass and LAI at grain filling stage,and had a significant negative correlation with the rate of decay LAI.The three yield components of Jimai 44 with high yield of more than 9000 kg/hm^(2)were 7.0~7.3 million ears per hectare,33.1~36.5 grains per ear,43.2~45.1 g of thousand grain weight,the number of basic seedlings was 35%~50%of final ear number,the optimum number of tillers at jointing stage was 1.54~1.87 times of final number of ears,the biomass at anthesis stage was 15760~21050 kg/hm^(2),the LAI was 6.8~7.4 at anthesis stage and 4.8~5.4 at grain filling stage,the dry matter accumulation after anthesis re⁃mained at 7206~8810 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：强筋小麦 产量差 群体质量 高产 山东省 

分 类 号：S512.104.2[农业科学—作物学]