密度对匀播冬小麦群体动态及干物质积累分配的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Population Dynamics and Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Uniformly Sowed Winter Wheat

作　　者：张锋 张志文 梁雪齐 王德胜[1] 陈国栋[1] 吴全忠[1] 翟云龙[1] Zhang Feng;Zhang Zhiwen;Liang Xueqi;Wang Desheng;Chen Guodong;Wu Quanzhong;Zhai Yunlong(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第9期36-41,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团南疆重点产业支撑计划项目(2017DB010);旱区作物生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CSBAA202209);塔里木大学重大培育项目(TDZKZD202103);塔里木大学科研创新项目(TDGRI202118)。

摘　　要：为给南疆匀播条件下不同穗型冬小麦种植提供理论参考,本试验以大穗型品种新冬50号和多穗型品种桑塔木4号为材料,采用裂区设计,主区为品种,副区为5个种植密度(123万株/hm^(2)、156万株/hm^(2)、204万株/hm^(2)、278万株/hm^(2)和400万株/hm^(2)),研究匀播条件下种植密度对不同穗型冬小麦群体动态、干物质积累分配、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,成熟期冬小麦单株分蘖成穗数随种植密度增加而逐渐减少,茎蘖成穗率呈降低趋势。开花期单株干物质积累量随种植密度增加呈减少趋势;小麦叶片、茎秆和叶鞘的干物质积累量、转运量随种植密度增大而减少。开花后大穗型品种在278万株/hm^(2)密度下、多穗型品种在156万株/hm^(2)密度下干物质积累量、花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率最高;穗粒数、千粒重随种植密度增加而降低。匀播条件下,新冬50号在278万株/hm^(2)密度下产量构成因素较协调,产量高达9468.92 kg/hm^(2),桑塔木4号在156万株/hm^(2)密度下产量高达9638.23 kg/hm^(2)。In order to provide theoretical references for planting winter wheat with different spike types under uniform sowing conditions in southern Xinjiang,the large⁃spike type variety Xindong 50 and multi⁃spike type variety Sangtamu 4 were used as materials in this experiment,and a split plot design was adopted with main plots for varieties and sub plots for planting densities.Five densities were set as 123×10^(4),156×10^(4),204×10^(4),278×10^(4) and 400×10^(4) plants per hectare.Their effects on population dynamics,dry matter accumu⁃lation and distribution,yield and its components of tested winter wheat varieties were studied under uniform sowing conditions.The results showed that with the increase of planting density,the tillers per plant gradually decreased at maturity stage,and the rate of fertile tiller declined.The dry matter accumulation per plant de⁃creased with the increase of planting density at flowering stage,while the dry matter accumulation and trans⁃portation of leaves,stems and leaf sheaths decreased.After anthesis,the dry matter accumulation and its con⁃tribution to grains were the highest under 278×10^(4) plants per hectare of large⁃spike type varieties and 156×10^(4) plants per hectare of multi⁃spike type varieties.The number of grains per spike and thousand⁃grain weight gradually decreased with the increase of planting density.Under the uniform planting,the yield components of Xindong 50 was more coordinated at 278×10^(4) plants per hectare with the yield as 9468.92 kg/hm^(2),while those of Sangtamu 4 was at 156×10^(4) plants per hectare with the yield as 9638.23 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：冬小麦 种植密度 匀播 群体动态 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]