基于偏好与形状文法的电动汽车形态设计研究  

Electric Vehicle Form Design Based on Preference and Shape Grammar

作　　者：张家祺[1] 王国华[1] 张艳[1] ZHANG Jia-qi;WANG Guo-hua;ZHANG Yan(Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300131,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学,天津300131

出　　处：《包装工程》2022年第20期102-111,178,共11页Packaging Engineering

摘　　要：目的结合消费者偏好和对品牌识别的需求,分析电动汽车外形设计特征,提高用户满意度。方法分析电动汽车的设计特征,引入原型范畴理论研究消费者偏好。将形状文法参数化,针对设计特征曲线的变化,基于原型偏好模型和品牌识别的要求制定修改性规则约束。提出偏好因子和品牌因子的概念,调节修改性规则的坐标点变化空间,利用交互式遗传算法构建计算机辅助设计系统。最后,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)分析方法,对车身形态的外部流场和表面压强进行分析,检验并优化车身造型,对设计结果进行满意度评价。结果提出基于偏好与形状文法的电动汽车形态设计方法,通过对青年消费者的偏好调查分析,建立原型偏好模型。通过计算机辅助设计系统对原型偏好模型中的特征水平进行分析,求得分析结果的坐标值并对相关特征水平进行线形表达,建立理想低风阻体模型并进行具体样式优化。结论以奥迪品牌的电动汽车设计为例,根据分析建立的理想低风阻体模型的模拟仿真分析结果较理想,对设计效果进行用户满意度对比评价,电动汽车外形设计的满意度有所提高,验证了该方法的可行性。The work aims to analyze the appearance design features of electric vehicles,combining consumer preferences and the need for brand recognition,and improve user satisfaction.Thedesign features of electric vehicle are analyzed,introducing the prototype category theory to study consumer preferences.The shape grammar is parametrized to develop modifiable rule constraints based on the prototype preference model and the requirements of brand recognitionfor changes in design feature curve.Then the concepts,preference factor and brand factor,are proposed to adjust the coordinate point change space of the modification rule,using interactive genetic algorithms to establish a computer aided design system.Finally,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)analysis method is used to analyze the external flow field and surface pressure of the car shape and then thebody shape is inspected and optimized,finally the design results are compared and evaluated.Theelectric vehicle shape design method based on preference and shape grammar is proposedAnd the prototype preference model is established through the preference survey analysis of young consumers.Combined with the computer-aided design system,the feature level in the prototype preference model is analyzed,the coordinate value of the analysis result is obtained and the relevant feature level is linearly expressed,the ideal low wind resistance body model is established and the specific style is optimized.Taking the Audi brand electric vehicle design as an example,the simulation analysis results of theideal low wind resistance body model established according to the analysis are more satisfactory,and the user satisfaction degree of the design effect was compared and evaluated,which verified the feasibility of the method.This method can effectively improve users'satisfaction with the appearance design of electric vehicles.

关 键 词：消费者偏好 品牌识别 参数化形状文法 外部流场分析 

分 类 号：TB472[一般工业技术—工业设计]