足部评估及训练预防跑步损伤的研究进展  

Progress on Foot Assessment and Training to Prevent Running-related Injuries

作　　者：赵仙丽[1] 李心瑜 吴绪波[1,3] 单春雷[1,4] 张亦辉 张彩 ZHAO Xianli;LI Xinyu;WU Xubo;SHAN Chunlei;ZHANG Yihui;ZHANG Cai(Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;Shanghai Ciyuan Rehabilitation Hospital,Shanghai 201800,China;Shanghai Seventh People's hospital,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200137,China;Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200437,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学,上海201203 [2]上海慈源康复医院,上海201800 [3]上海中医药大学附属上海市第七人民医院,上海200137 [4]上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院,上海200437

出　　处：《康复学报》2022年第5期471-476,共6页Rehabilitation Medicine

基　　金：上海市卫生计生委智慧医疗项目(2018ZHYL0216);上海市浦东新区临床高原学科建设项目(NPWYgy2018-05);上海中医药大学“卓越治疗师”计划(A4-Q200310808)。

摘　　要：跑步是最受欢迎的休闲体育活动之一,也是临床康复治疗中常见的推荐运动项目。随着大众健身需求和健康意识的不断增强,跑步不当所致的运动损伤也随之俱增,提高跑者运动损伤风险评估及预防干预迫在眉睫。跑步损伤(RRI)是指在跑步练习过程中或因跑步而出现的影响跑步活动进行的各种下肢与下背部不适。跑步爱好者中RRI发病率高且容易复发,寻找能够有效预防RRI的评估工具和干预方法,有利于减少RRI的潜在人群。目前RRI预测方法多从既往损伤、错误动作和过劳性因素等角度出发,大多没有明确、直观的数值预测RRI的发生概率。从足部评估角度预测RRI较为常见,并不断出现与之相关的评估工具和方法,其中足姿指数(FPI-6)和足底压力评估目前应用较为广泛。跑步前通过评估跑者的足部结构和功能,同时针对足部进行跑前、跑中等相关训练,可预防和减少RRI的发生,为科学制定跑步训练计划提供依据。本文总结了常见RRI足部评估工具,并从足部肌力训练、足部落地模式训练和跑前适应性训练等角度对目前临床上常见的预防RRI的足部干预策略进行综述,提出跑者开始跑步训练计划前可根据中立位足FPI-6、足底压力分布和足弓形态等作为客观参考依据进行RRI风险评估,对足部薄弱部位加强锻炼;每次提升跑步强度前,可进行一段时间肌力训练,尤其注重足部核心肌群训练;对于踝部活动度和肌力不足的跑者,建议执行后足落地模式,对于有膝关节或小腿损伤的跑者,可选择前中足落地模式。Running is one of the most popular recreational sports activities and a commonly recommended sport in clinical re-habilitation.With the increasing demand and awareness of public fitness,the sports injury caused by improper running is also in-creasing,and it is important to improve the risk assessment and preventive intervention of running-related injury(RRI).RRI refers to a variety of lower limb and lower back discomfort that occurs during running practice or as a result of running,and affects the run-ning activity.Among runners,the incidence of RRI is high and it is easy to relapse,and thus,applying effective preventive assess-ment tools and interventions is beneficial to reducing the incidence of RRI in potential populations.The current RRI prediction is mostly based on the past injury,incorrect posture and overwork factors,and in most of the time,it does not have a clear,intuitive nu-merical prediction of the occurrence probability of RRI.Predicting RRI by foot assessment is common,and related assessment tools and methods continue to appear,among which foot posture index(FPI-6)and plantar pressure assessment are currently widely used.By evaluating the structure and function of the runners'feet before running,and carrying out relevant training for the feet before and during running,the occurrence of RRI can be prevented and reduced,and it provides a basis for the scientific development of running training plan.This paper summarizes the common RRI foot assessment tools and reviews the current common foot interven-tion strategies for preventing RRI in the aspects of foot muscle training,foot strike pattern and pre-run adaptive training etc.It puts forward that runners can take RRI risk assessment before starting the running training plan and strengthen the weak parts of foot with reference to the neutral position FPI-6,plantar pressure distribution and arch form;runners can take a period of muscle strength training before increasing the intensity of running each time,and pay special attention to foot core muscle

关 键 词：跑步损伤 足部训练 足姿指数 足底压力 预防 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]