短波红外相机实时坏像元检测与补偿方法  

Real-time Bad Pixel Detection and Compensation Method for Short-wave Infrared Camera

作　　者：宋雪冬 马英超 周琦 练达 余路伟 毛晓楠 SONG Xuedong;MA Yingchao;ZHOU Qi;LIAN Da;YU Luwei;MAO Xiaonan(Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute,Shanghai 201109,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Intelligent Control Technology,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海航天控制技术研究所,上海201109 [2]上海市空间智能控制技术重点实验室,上海201109

出　　处：《光子学报》2022年第9期301-312,共12页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(Nos.2019YFA0706002,2019YFA0706003);国家自然科学基金(No.62005158)。

摘　　要：太空辐照环境和高能粒子往往会导致红外相机在轨运行时出现新的坏像元,严重影响相机提取的星点目标质心坐标的精度。针对该问题,提出了一种基于灰度梯度和稀疏视野的实时坏像元检测与补偿方法。该方法采用5×5大小的处理窗口以滑窗的形式基于灰度梯度值进行检测,并采用稀疏视野有效避免了领域坏像元对检测与补偿结果的影响。实验证明,红外图像中处于不同灰度值背景中的坏像元均能准确检测出并补偿,显著提升了检测准确率。补偿后的星点目标质心坐标提取误差减小至0.2%以内。同时,该方法对数据存储空间要求低,数据处理过程计算量小,适合随图像数据流处理,具有较好的实时性。Point target measurement camera is one of the key parts in celestial navigation technology,which is used to measure star's centroid coordinate to assist celestial navigators such as star trackers to obtain precise positions and attitude information.Point target measurement cameras using short-wave infrared focal plane detectors have the advantages of low power consumption and high detection rate.Due to factors such as manufacturing materials and production processes,infrared focal plane has bad pixels.The on-orbit infrared camera usually compensates for the bad pixels measured by ground-based test equipment.However,because the infrared camera is inevitably affected by the space irradiation environment and highenergy particles when the infrared camera is on-orbit,new bad pixels will appear,which seriously affects the camera's imaging quality and the accuracy of extraction result of star's centroid coordinate.Therefore,it is meaningful and important to study an accurate and reliable bad pixel detection and compensation algorithm for the on-orbit infrared camera.Nowadays,there are many researches on the detection and compensation of bad pixels.But these methods have some shortcomings.Some methods have a large amount of calculation in the detection process,which lead to the bad real-time performance of the on-orbit infrared camera detecting and compensating bad pixels.Other methods have low detection accuracy,because the detection and compensation results are affected by neighboring bad pixels and different background.This paper analyzes the characteristics of the gray value of bad pixels and proposes a real-time bad pixel detection and compensation method based on gray gradient and sparse vision.The method uses a 5×5 processing window and sparse vision to determine whether the gray gradient of the pixel to be processed conforms to the characteristics of the bad pixel and calculates the compensated gray value.The gray gradient can directly reflect the difference of the gray value between the bad pixel and the normal

关 键 词：图像处理 短波红外相机 坏像元 实时检测与补偿 灰度梯度 稀疏视野 

分 类 号：TP391.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]