毒虫“蜮”考  

Textual Research on the Poisonous Insect of“Yù蜮”

作　　者：张承坤 崔为[1] ZHANG Chengkun;CUI Wei(Collge of Basic Medicine,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]长春中医药大学基础医学院,长春130117

出　　处：《中医药文化》2022年第5期425-432,共8页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：四川省社会科学重点研究基地(扩展)“中国出土医学文献与文物研究中心”立项课题(2021C10)。

摘　　要：马王堆汉墓医书《疗射工毒方》中的诸“射”字应该读作“螫”,篇中描述的“蜮”是螫人飞虫的形象,神异色彩较淡。西汉以前,蜮有3种形象:一是鬼物,二是蛙类,三是螫人飞虫;东汉魏晋时期,蜮身上的神异之处增加,成为用气或沙远射伤人身体甚至影子的毒虫;晋代以后,蜮的形象与沙虱、溪毒等毒虫合流,并在清代与疫病联系了起来。出土医学文献对蜮的记载弥补了传世文献的缺失,可以更好地考察蜮的形象演变。“Shè射”in the unearthed Mawangdui medical book of“Liáo ShèGōng DùFāng《疗射工毒方》”(Prescription to Treat She Gong Poison)should be interpreted as“Shì螫”.From its record,“Yù蜮”is simply depicted as flying insects that can sting.Before the Western Han Dynasty,Yùhad three categories of images as ghosts,frogs or flying insects.It had become a supernatural legend in the image of a poisonous insect shooting human body or shadow with qi or sand since the Eastern Han,Wei and Jin Dynasties.After the Jin Dynasty,its image was mixed up with other poisonous insects like chigger and was associated with plague in the Qing Dynasty.Unearthed medical documents of Yu’s can supplement relevant handed-down documents and reveal more clearly the evolvement of Yùimages in history.

关 键 词：马王堆医书 蜮 射工 出土医学文献 考证 

分 类 号：R209[医药卫生—中医学]