民法典中强制性规定条款在行政协议无效认定中的适用  

The Application of Mandatory Provisions in Civil Code in the Determination of Invalidity of Administrative Agreement

作　　者：张莹莹 Zhang Yingying

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)政治和法律教研部

出　　处：《法治社会》2022年第5期92-103,共12页Law-Based Society

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金重大项目“行政法总则制定的理论与实践问题研究”(项目编号:21&ZD191)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《最高人民法院关于审理行政协议案件若干问题的规定》明确法院可以适用民法规范确认行政协议无效,由此产生了民法典中的强制性规定条款在行政协议无效认定中的适用问题。行政协议的本质属性是行政性,不与行政法体系不相容是适用强制性规定条款的基本前提,强制性规定条款应改造为“违反效力性强制性规定”作为行政协议的无效情形。行政协议的无效认定应以重大且明显违法为实质标准,违反效力性强制性规定因构成重大且明显违法而具有无效化行政协议之效。由于“违反效力性强制性规定”属于引致条款,当效力性强制性规定以没有依据等行为为规制内容时,就发生了强制性规定条款与其他无效情形的竞合,法院需要区分竞合情形选择不同的裁判依据。The Provision of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the Trial of Administrative Agreement Cases makes it clear that the court can apply civil law norms to determine the invalidity of administrative agreements,which gives rise to the application of the mandatory provision in the Civil Code in the determination of the invalidity of administrative agreements.The essential attribute of the administrative agreement is administrative nature and not being incompatible with the administrative law system is the basic premise for the application of the mandatory provision,which should be transformed into"violation of the validity of the mandatory provision"as the invalid situation of the administrative agreement.The determination of invalidity of an administrative agreement should be based on major and obvious violation of the law.The fundamental reason for the application of the violation of the mandatory provision of the validity is that it constitutes major and obvious violation.Since"violation of the validity of the mandatory provision"is an induced clause,when the validity of the mandatory provision is governed by such act as unwarranted act,the concurrence between the mandatory provision and other invalid circumstances will occur and the court needs to distinguish the concurrence cases and choose different judgment bases.

关 键 词：行政协议 无效认定 强制性规定 重大且明显违法 相容性 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D925.3[政治法律—法学]