一次性塑料餐具中风险物质的筛查  

Screening of Specified Risk Materials in Disposable Plastic Tableware

作　　者：童嘉琦 詹何珊 朱晓艳 翁江赉 TONG Jia-qi;ZHAN He-shan;ZHU Xiao-yan;WENG Jiang-lai(Ningbo Institute of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology,Ningbo 315048,China;Ningbo Customs District Technology Center,Ningbo 315048,China;Ningbo Joysun Product Testing Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315048,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波检验检疫科学技术研究院,浙江宁波315048 [2]宁波海关技术中心,浙江宁波315048 [3]宁波中盛产品检测有限公司,浙江宁波315048

出　　处：《分析测试学报》2022年第10期1523-1529,共7页Journal of Instrumental Analysis

基　　金：宁波市公益类科技计划项目(202002N3114)。

摘　　要：研究筛查和识别了一次性餐具(餐盒、杯子和吸管)中向食品模拟物10%乙醇和化学替代溶剂95%乙醇迁移的物质种类,以评估迁移物及一次性塑料餐具的安全风险。采用10%乙醇或95%乙醇在特定迁移条件下浸泡样品,浓缩浸泡液,用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)测定浓缩液中的物质,通过比对质谱数据库并结合红外光谱仪得到的样品信息,推测迁移物结构,并通过对比对照品或三重四极杆质谱分析方式确认。利用Cramer规则预测识别迁移物的毒性,结合测定的迁移量判断迁移物安全风险。在测试样品中识别出19种迁移物,其中有意添加物包括聚乳酸树脂及共混树脂的合成原料、润滑剂、增塑剂等,非有意添加物包括聚酯及有机硅树脂中的低聚物和增塑剂、抗氧剂中的杂质或副产物等。聚丙烯材质餐具中迁出的物质种类较少,而聚乳酸材质餐具以及无机填充聚丙烯餐具中迁出的物质种类相对较多;多数迁移物在95%乙醇中迁移量高于在10%乙醇中迁移量。安全评估结果显示,在含油脂食品模拟物中,聚乳酸或无机填充聚丙烯餐具中环状硅氧烷等低聚物和抗氧剂副产物等非有意添加物的迁出危害需引起关注。Unknown species migrating from commercially available disposable plastic tableware(including lunch boxes,cups and straws)to food simulant 10%ethanol or substitute test media 95%ethanol were screened and identified,to assess the safety risk of migrated substances from disposable plastic tableware.Commercially available samples were soaked with 10%ethanol or 95%ethanol under the specific migration conditions according to the usage of the samples.Soaking solutions of products from migration tests were concentrated and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Meanwhile,each sample was analyzed with infrared spectrometer,which indicated that the tested disposable plastic tablewares were mainly made of polylactic acid or polypropylene.MS spectra of migrated species from GC-MS were then compared with a MS database.Combined with material information from infrared spectrometer,structures of migrated species were predicted.Then the structures were confirmed by comparison with reference substances or determination of triple quadrupole MS.Species could further be quantitatively determined with corresponding reference substances.Cramer’s rule was used to predict the toxicity of migrated substances.Combined with the measured migration amount,safety risks of migrated substances and relative samples were assessed.Finally,19 kinds of migrated species in all the tested samples were screened and identified,among which intentionally added substances(IAS)included synthetic raw materials of polylactic acid resin or its blended resin(like lactide,butane-1,4-diol and dimethyl succinate),lubricant(like methyl oleate)and plasticizers(like di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate).Non-intentionally added substances(NIAS)included oligomers of polyester or silicone resins(like cyclic siloxanes)and by-products from plasticizers or antioxidants additives.There were few kinds of substances migrating out of polypropylene based tableware,while there were relatively more kinds of substances migrating from polylactic acid based tableware or table

关 键 词：一次性餐具 非有意添加物 气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS) 迁移 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学] TS958.13[理学—化学]