适用于疫苗低温保存冷库的空气压缩制冷系统性能研究  

Performance of an Air Refrigeration System for the Cold Storage of Vaccines

作　　者：王勤[1] 张靖鹏[1] 罗介霖 李勇华 王辉 Wang Qin;Zhang Jingpeng;Luo Jielin;Li Yonghua;Wang Hui(Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province,Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310027,China;China Ship Development and Design Center,Wuhan,430064,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学制冷与低温研究所浙江省制冷与低温技术重点实验室,杭州310027 [2]中国船舰研究设计中心,武汉430064

出　　处：《制冷学报》2022年第5期153-160,共8页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51976179)资助项目。

摘　　要：基于空气制冷系统制冷剂安全环保且可就地取材、蒸发器无需除霜的特点,本文研究了其应用于-70℃低温疫苗冷库的性能和可行性,与文献对比验证了热力学模型的准确性,并与复叠式制冷系统进行了性能对比。结果表明:在环境温度为35℃时,采用三级压缩(总压比为8)和回热器(夹点温差为5℃)的空气制冷系统的COP在库温-70~10℃范围内为0.23~0.38,基本呈线性变化,在-70℃时比复叠式制冷系统COP小25.8%;在环境温度升高10℃时空气制冷系统COP和制冷量仅降低5%和3%,变化程度远小于复叠式制冷循环(COP降低15%,制冷量降低8%),因此环境温度对库温造成的波动更小;空气制冷系统可以通过调节出气状态来改变送风压差,对疫苗冷库进行均匀送风。相比复叠式制冷系统减少了风机设备成本功耗,调节更加方便。因此,空气制冷系统在-70℃以下温区应用于疫苗低温保存具有很高的可靠性和稳定性,特别适用于疫苗低温运输设备,应用潜力很大。The performance and feasibility of the air refrigeration system applied to vaccine cold storage were explored and compared with a cascade refrigeration system based on characteristics of safety and environmental protection,local availability of the refrigerant,and no temperature fluctuation caused by evaporator defrosting.The accuracy of the thermodynamic model was verified by comparison with the literature.The research results showed that when the ambient temperature was 35℃,the coefficient of performance(COP)of the air refrigeration system using three-stage compression(total pressure ratio of 8)and a regenerator(pinch point temperature difference of 5℃)was 0.23-0.38 and varied linearly within the storage temperature range of-70-10℃.This COP is 25.8%less than the COP of the cascade refrigeration system at-70℃.When the ambient temperature increased by 10℃,the COP and cooling capacity of the air refrigeration system were reduced by 5%and 3%,respectively.This difference was considerably less than that of the cascade refrigeration system(reduced by 15%and 8%,respectively);thus,the impact of ambient temperature on the storage temperature was less sensitive.The air refrigeration system can change the air supply pressure difference to a uniform supply of air in the vaccine cold storage by adjusting the air outlet state.Compared with the cascade refrigeration system,the cost and power consumption of the fan equipment in air refrigeration systems are less,and the adjustment is more convenient.Therefore,the air refrigeration system applied in the low-temperature storage of vaccines in the temperature range below-70℃shows advantages of high reliability and stability.It is especially suitable for cold-chain logistics equipment for the low-temperature transportation of vaccines.

关 键 词：空气制冷 低温冷库 热力学分析 疫苗储存 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB614