化学反应热测定仪的研制及实验影响因素探讨  

Development of a Chemical Reaction Heat Measuring Instrument and Discussion on Experimental Factors

作　　者：尹常杰[1] 郑虹 张秋禹[1] 尹德忠[1] YIN Changjie;ZHENG Hong;ZHANG Qiuyu;YIN Dezhong(School of Chemical and Engineering Science,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710012,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学化学与化工学院,西安710072

出　　处：《实验室研究与探索》2022年第7期80-83,共4页Research and Exploration In Laboratory

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51603168);西北工业大学校级教育教学改革研究项目(2021JGY43)。

摘　　要：以硫酸铜和锌粉反应为实验对象,设计并制作了一台化学反应热测定仪。该实验仪器由加料、搅拌、反应、计时和测温5个子模块组成;使用自动冲压加料设备加入锌粉,实现了加料的自动化;利用计时和测温模块同步开始计时、测温,进一步减少人为读数引入的误差。利用该仪器测定了硫酸铜溶液和锌粉的化学反应热,探讨了各种实验因素对结果的影响。结果表明,随着硫酸铜溶液浓度和锌粉加入质量的增加,得到的反应热值的相对误差先减小后增加;随着搅拌速度的增加,测定的化学反应热的相对误差逐渐减少。当搅拌速度为1 000 r/min,硫酸铜溶液浓度为0.10 mol/L,锌粉质量为4 g时,可得到较为准确的反应热数值。Based on the principle of the reaction between copper sulfate and zinc powder,a chemical reaction heat measuring instrument is designed and developed.This experimental includes the feeding,stirring,reaction,timing and temperature measurement.Zinc powder is added by automatic stamping feeding equipment to realize the automatic feeding.In addition,the timing and temperature measurement module are used to measure time and temperature synchronously,which can reduce the error caused by artificial reading.The chemical reaction heat of the reaction between copper sulfate and zinc powder are measured by this instrument,and the effects of various experimental factors on the results are discussed.The results show that,the relative error of chemical reaction heat first decreases and then increases with the increasing of the concentration of copper sulfate solution and the zinc powder.The relative error of chemical reaction heat decreases with the increasing of stirring speed gradually.When the stirring speed is 1 000 r/min,the concentration of copper sulfate is 0.10 mol/L and the mass of zinc powder is 4 g,a more accurate heat of reaction value is obtained.

关 键 词：反应热 实验仪器 能量守恒定律 数据分析 

分 类 号：O652.2[理学—分析化学]