祁连山地区夏季南坡与北坡空中云水资源差异性分析  

Characteristics of the difference in air water resources between the north and south slopes of the Qilian Mountains in the summer

作　　者：把黎 尹宪志[1] 庞朝云[1] 程鹏 刘维成[4] 王研峰[1] BA Li;YIN Xianzhi;PANG Zhaoyun;CHENG Peng;LIU Weicheng;WANG Yanfeng(Gansu Weather Modification Office,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Meteorological Service Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省人工影响天气办公室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]甘肃省气象服务中心,甘肃兰州730020 [4]兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2022年第5期1345-1359,共15页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK010405);西北区域人工影响天气能力建设项目研究试验(RYSY201901);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z036);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510302);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA710)。

摘　　要：利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的高时空分辨率ERA5再分析资料,对祁连山地区夏季空中云水资源的时空分布及南北坡差异特征进行研究,并估算水汽凝结效率及水凝物降水效率。研究表明:大气环流以及地形引起的低层水汽场辐合和上升气流对祁连山地区空中云水资源分布起到关键作用。(1)在平均状态下,祁连山地区夏季水汽含量南坡略小于北坡,云水路径南坡大于北坡,南坡500 hPa以下是云液水含量富集区。近年来,水汽含量及云液水含量呈上升趋势,且南坡增速大于北坡;云冰水含量呈下降趋势,且北坡下降速度大于南坡。(2)夏季白天北坡存在定常性上升气流,且该上升气流可持续到对流层中层,南坡低层为水汽通量辐合区。(3)在不同降水环流下,偏西或西北气流形势时,北坡云水分布较南坡更为充沛,且多以含水性低云为主;西南气流形势时,云水厚度更深,南北坡云水差异不大。(4)祁连山区尤其是南坡,空中云水资源相对丰富,且较大部分水凝物未能成为降水,增雨潜力更高,但其云水分布并不固定,也与降水环流形势有关。因此,祁连山上空云水资源分布的不均匀性及多变性需要在开发过程中更有针对性的选择作业区域及作业手段。The different characteristics of air cloud water resources between the southern and northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains in the summer were studied using ERA5 reanalysis data with a high temporal and spatial resolution provided by ECMWF to provide a reference for the rational development of air water resources in this area.The water vapor condensation efficiency and water condensate precipitation efficiency were estimated.The results show the following:(1)the water vapor content on the southern slope is slightly lower compared to the northern slope in the summer on average,and the cloud water path on the southern slope is higher compared to the northern slope.The cloud liquid water content on the southern slope was rich below 500 hPa.The water vapor content and cloud liquid water content showed an upward trend in recent years,and the growth rate of the southern slope was higher compared to the northern slope.The cloud ice water content showed a decreasing trend,and the decreasing rate was higher in the northern slope compared to the southern slope.(2)The convergence and upflow of the low-level water vapor field caused by atmospheric circulation and topography play a key role in the distribution of cloud water resources in the Qilian Mountains.(3)The distribution of cloud water on the northern slope was more abundant compared to the southern slope with a west-northwest airflow pattern,and low water-bearing clouds were mainly present under different precipitation circulation patterns.Cloud thickness is deeper in southwest airflow patterns,and there is little difference between cloud water in the northern and southern slopes.(4)In the Qilian Mountains,especially on the southern slope,the cloud water resources in the air were relatively rich,and most of the water condensation fails to precipitate.Thus,there is a certain space for the development of air water resources.The uneven and variable distribution of cloud water resources requires a more targeted selection of operational areas and means in the development p

关 键 词：祁连山 南北坡差异 云水资源 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]