1991—2021年天山融雪末期雪线高度遥感监测研究  

Monitoring of snowline altitude at the end of melting season in Tianshan Mountains from 1991 to 2021

作　　者：王靖文 唐志光[1] 邓刚 胡国杰 桑国庆 WANG Jingwen;TANG Zhiguang;DENG Gang;HU Guojie;SANG Guoqing(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学测绘遥感信息工程湖南省重点实验室,湖南湘潭411201 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2022年第5期1385-1397,共13页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871058);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLCS-OP-2020-08);湖南省教育厅科研项目(20B227)。

摘　　要：研究融雪末期雪线高度变化有助于预测冰雪系统未来的变化趋势、理解区域和全球气候变化。基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台和Landsat卫星数据,发展了区域雪线高度提取模型,提取了天山4个子流域1991—2021年的融雪末期雪线高度,并分析了雪线高度的变化特征及其与气象因素的关系。结果表明:(1)Landsat提取的融雪末期雪线高度与Sentinel-2提取的融雪末期“最小化”积雪范围具有较高的一致性,其总体精度为91.6%,Kappa系数达0.9以上,利用该模型可准确获取融雪末期的区域雪线高度。(2)研究区近30 a融雪末期雪线高度呈明显的上升趋势,上升速率介于2.7~6.4 m·a^(-1)之间;其中,玛纳斯河流域雪线高度上升速度最快,阿克牙孜河流域雪线高度上升速度最慢。(3)夏季气温是影响研究区融雪末期雪线高度变化的主要因素(P<0.05),降水对其影响相对较弱。The study of snowline altitude changes at the end of the melting season is helpful to predict future trends of snow systems in order to understand the regional and global climate changes.The remote sensing extraction method of region snowline altitude was developed based on the Google Earth Engine and Landsat satellite data.From 1991 to 2021,the snowline altitude at the end of the melting season in the four basins of the Tianshan Mountains was extracted.The variation characteristics of snowline altitude and its relationship with meteorological factors were carefully and accurately estimated.The results were as follows:(1)the extended snowline altitude at the end of the melting season correlated well with the snow cover extent(minimum)at end of the melting season,which was extracted by Sentinel-2.The overall accuracy was 91.6%,and the Kappa coefficient was higher than 0.9.The regional snowline altitude at the end of the melting season was accurately obtained with this model.(2)Generally,the snowline altitude at the end of the melting season in the study area showed an obvious increasing trend over the last 30 years.The increase rate was between 2.7 m·a^(-1)and 6.4 m·a^(-1).The rise rate of the snowline altitude in the Manas River Basin was the fastest(6.4 m·a^(-1)),while the rise rate of the snowline altitude in the Akeyazi River Basin was the slowest(2.7 m·a^(-1)).(3)The summer temperature was the main factor that affected the change in the snowline altitude at the end of the melting season in the study area(P<0.05),while the effect of precipitation was relatively weak.

关 键 词：雪线高度 LANDSAT 遥感监测 气候变化 天山 

分 类 号：P407[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.635