秸秆还田下灌溉方式对秸秆腐解及玉米水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Methods Under Straw Returning to Field on Straw Decomposition and Maize Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

作　　者：刘晶[1,2] 张明伟 张瑞富 张雨珊[1,2] 王玉哲 李媛媛 LIU Jing;ZHANG Ming-wei;ZHANG Rui-fu;ZHANG Yu-shan;WANG Yu-zhe;LI Yuan-yuan(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028043,China;Inner Mongolia Forage Crops Engineering Research Center,Tongliao 028043,China;Xing’an League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Ulanhot 137400,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028043 [2]内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽028043 [3]兴安盟农牧科学研究所,内蒙古乌兰浩特137400

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期390-395,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860353);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2018LH03014,2019MS03073)。

摘　　要：为探究秸秆还田下灌溉方式对秸秆腐解及玉米水氮利用效率的影响,于2019—2020年在通辽国家农业科技园区进行大区对比试验,在秸秆还田条件下设传统畦灌、浅埋滴灌2种灌溉方式种植春玉米农华101,测定秸秆腐解率、土壤有机质、无机氮含量,并测定玉米各时期干物质积累量及产量。结果表明,秸秆还田下浅埋滴灌较传统畦灌显著提高30~90 d秸秆腐解速率,显著提高0~40 cm土层土壤有机质含量,提高0~60 cm土层土壤全氮、铵态氮、碱解氮含量,降低40~60 cm深层土壤中硝态氮含量,吐丝期后干物质积累量、产量及水氮利用效率浅埋滴灌均高于传统畦灌。综上,秸秆还田下浅埋滴灌灌溉方式对土壤肥力提高、物质积累形成、水氮吸收利用均有促进作用,秸秆还田下浅埋滴灌可作为春玉米高产高效种植的适宜灌溉方式。In order to explore the effects of irrigation methods under straw returning to field on straw decay and corn water and nitrogen use efficiency,a large area comparative experiment was carried out in Tongliao National Agricultural Science and Technology Park from 2019 to 2020.Under the condition of straw returning to the field,the traditional border irrigation and shallow buried drip irrigation were used to plant spring maize Nonghua 101.The decomposition rate of straw,the content of soil organic matter and inorganic nitrogen,as well as the dry matter accumulation and yield of maize in each period were measured.The results showed that the straw decomposition rate of shallow buried drip irrigation under straw returning was 30~90 d higher than that of traditional border irrigation and the soil organic matter content in 0~40 cm soil layer was significantly increased.The soil total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen content in 0~60 cm soil layer were increased and the nitrate nitrogen content in 40~60 cm deep soil layer was decreased.The dry matter accumulation,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of shallow buried drip irrigation were higher than those of traditional border irrigation after silking stage.In summary,the shallow buried drip irrigation under the straw returning to the field can promote the improvement of soil fertility,material accumulation and formation,water and nitrogen absorption and utilization.The shallow buried drip irrigation under the straw returning to the field can be used as a suitable irrigation method for high yield and high efficiency spring maize planting.

关 键 词：灌溉方式 秸秆腐解 干物质积累 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]