介入因素的类型及其因果论立场  

The Types of Intervening Factors and the Standpoint of Causality

作　　者：马荣春 Ma Rongchun(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 211105)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211105

出　　处：《政法论丛》2022年第5期78-89,共12页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD210)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：由于自然因素及其所包含的被害人特异体质只是因果性即因果关系得以形成的外在条件,用其说明结果归属的介入因素不应包括自然因素及其所包含的被害人特异体质;由于“自己不能介入自己”,故用来说明结果归属的介入因素也应排斥行为人的行为。于是,介入因素只应包含被害人的行为和第三者的行为。在介入被害人行为的场合,解答结果归属的标准是“介入正常性”,即被害人行为的正常介入不阻断结果对于被介入行为的归属;在介入第三者行为的场合,解答结果归属的标准是“介入正当性”。而当第三者行为介入属于非正当性介入时,其又分为替代性介入和非替代性介入,前者阻断结果之于被介入行为的归属性,后者不阻断此归属性。而非替代性介入不影响结果对于被介入行为的归属,可通过重叠的因果关系和片面共同实行犯得到进一步的说明。Natural factors,victim’s special body constitution are only the external conditions for the formation of causality,so the intervention factors used to explain the attribution of results should not include natural factors,victim’ s special constitution;since “ oneself cannot be involved”,the intervention factors used to explain the attribution of results should also exclude the actor’s behavior.Therefore,intervention factors should only include the behavior of the victim and the behavior of the third party.In the case of intervening in victim’ s behavior,the standard of the attribution of the answer result is “normal intervention”,that is,the normal intervention of victim’s behavior does not block the attribution of the result to the intervened behavior;in the case of intervening in the third party’s behavior,the standard of the attribution of the answer result is “legitimacy of intervention”.When the third party’s intervention belongs to illegitimate intervention,it can be divided into alternative intervention and non-alternative intervention.The former blocks the attribution of the result to the intervened behavior,while the latter does not block the attribution.However,non-substitution intervention does not affect the result,and the attribution of the intervened behavior can be further explained by overlapping causality and unilateral joint perpetrator.

关 键 词：介入因素 自然因素 被害人行为 第三者行为 行为人行为 因果法则 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]