当代“两户”民事主体地位的历史解释与未来因应  

Historical Interpretation and Future Response of the Civil Subject Status of Contemporary “Two Households”

作　　者：李伟[1] Li Wei(School of Law,Shandong University,College of Humanities and Law,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao Shandong 266590)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院山东科技大学文法学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《政法论丛》2022年第5期150-160,共11页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“家户制传统视阈下‘两户’制度存废问题研究”(项目批准号:20YJA820011)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“两户”是极具中国特色的民事主体,学界对其存废问题一直争议不断。从历史维度来看,“户”作为法律主体的时间长达两千余年之久,具有强大的历史惯性。当代“两户”自下而上的成功,是生活单位“家”向生产经营单位“户”自然转换的结果,其根源在于家庭成员对于整体之家的生存和情感依赖。“两户”存废论争的产生,是整体之家与家庭成员权利义务不够清晰的产物。但基于深厚的传统文化土壤,短期内实现这种清晰界分还是不可能完成的任务,应尊重社会自然进化的规律而非以法律将二者强行撕裂开来。在当前仍有较大社会需求而法律未能提供充分制度供给之前,不宜轻易废弃“两户”的民事主体地位,而应围绕主体范围等对其加以优化,发展完善具有中国特色的民事主体制度。“Two households” are civil subjects with Chinese characteristics.The issue of their retention or abolition has been controversial in the academic circle.From the historical perspective,“households” have been legal subjects for more than 2000 years,with strong historical inertia.The success of the contemporary “two households” from bottom to top was the result of the natural transformation of the living unit “family” to the production and operation unit “household”,which is rooted in the survival and emotional dependence of family members on the whole family.The debate over the existence and abolition of “two households” is the result of the unclear rights and obligations between the whole family and family members.However,based on the profound traditional culture,it is impossible to achieve such a clear distinction in a short period of time.We should respect the natural evolution of society,instead of tearing them apart by law.Before there is still a large social demand and the law fails to provide adequate system supply,it is not appropriate to abandon the “two households” civil subject status easily,but should optimize it around the scope of the subject,and develop and improve the civil subject system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：两户 家户制传统 民事主体 历史解释方法 

分 类 号：DF09[政治法律—法学理论]