高侵染锈病全株玉米制作青贮后主要营养发酵和毒素指标变化初探  

Preliminary study on changes of main nutrient fermentation and toxin indexes after making silage of whole maize with high rust infection

作　　者：张一为 曹学浩 王丽学[2] 邵丽玮[3] 田雨佳[4] 王鸿英 马超 Zhang Yiwei;Cao Xuehao;Wang Lixue;Shao Liwei;Tian Yujia;Wang Hongying;Ma Chao(Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center,Tianjin 300061;Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300381;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province,Hebei Baoding 071000;Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业发展服务中心,天津300061 [2]天津市农业科学院,天津300381 [3]河北省畜牧兽医研究所,河北保定071000 [4]天津农学院,天津300384

出　　处：《现代畜牧兽医》2022年第9期9-12,共4页Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：天津市市级财政预算项目(畜牧业新技术引进示范2022);天津市奶牛(肉羊)产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(ITTCRS2021000)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究高度侵染锈病的全株玉米在制作青贮后主要营养、发酵以及毒素的变化。试验选取了叶片孢子堆占比面积为60%~70%的青贮玉米作为研究对象,设计了青贮前原料组(1组)、常规青贮组(2组)和乳酸菌添加剂组(3组),通过真空袋青贮60 d,利用近红外检测技术和ELISA试剂盒的方法进行相关指标检测。结果显示:2组的粗蛋白(CP)含量显著高于1组和3组(P<0.05);2组、3组的乳酸(LA)和乙酸(AA)含量显著高于1组(P<0.05)。各组干物质(DM)、非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)、淀粉(Starch)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和丁酸(BA)含量均差异不显著(P>0.05),且DM含量均在30%以上,Starch含量在28%以上。全株玉米青贮前的4种毒素含量均超过限定值,且均显著高于青贮后(P<0.05)。2组和3组的玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)、T-2以及黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);2组呕吐毒素(DON)含量显著低于3组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在高度侵染锈病的条件下,常规青贮和乳酸菌添加剂青贮的主要营养指标差异不显著,主要发酵指标均优于青贮前;青贮后4种毒素含量低于青贮前,但二者间差异不显著。The purpose of the experiment was to study the changes of main nutrients, fermentation and toxins of whole maize highly infected with rust after making silage. The experiment selected silage corn with leaf spore piles accounting for60%~70% of the area as the research object, and designed raw material group before silage(group 1), conventional silage group(group 2) and lactic acid bacteria additive group(group 3). The silage was stored in vacuum bags for 60 d, and the related indicators were detected by near-infrared detection technology and ELISA kit. The results showed that the CP content of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1 and group 3(P<0.05). The LA and AA content of group 2 and group 3 were significantly higher than those of group 1(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of DM, NFC, Starch, ADF, NDF and BA among the groups(P>0.05), the content of DM were all above 30%, and the content of Starch was above 28%. The content of the four toxins in the whole corn plant before silage all exceeded the limit value, and were significantly higher than those after silage(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of ZEA, T-2 and AFB1 between group 2 and group 3(P>0.05). The content of DON in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 3(P<0.05). The study indicates that under the condition of high rust infection, the main nutritional indexes of conventional silage and silage with lactic acid bacteria additive were not significantly different, and the main fermentation indexes were better than those before silage. The content of the four toxins after silage were lower than those before silage, but there was no significant difference between them.

关 键 词：锈病 全株玉米青贮 营养发酵 毒素 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]