介观尺度多孔材料的电子显微学结构解析  

Structural Solution of Porous Materials on the Mesostructural Scale by Electron Microscopy

作　　者：邓权政 毛文婷 韩璐 Deng Quanzheng;Mao Wenting;Han Lu(School of Chemical Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学化学科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]上海交通大学化学化工学院,金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《化学学报》2022年第8期1203-1216,共14页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nos.21922304,21873072);上海自然科学基金(No.18ZR1442400)资助。

摘　　要：孔径在介观尺度的多孔材料由于其规整的孔道结构、大比表面积、特殊的空间限域效应使其在吸附、分离、催化、传感、载药、能源等领域都具有广阔的应用前景.深入解析材料的结构特征不仅是理解其物理化学性能和应用的关键,也是研究材料的形成机理及新材料制备的重要反馈和支持.电子显微学以电子为探针,通过电子衍射和高分辨像对材料结构展开探索,可以研究更小尺寸晶体的结构,揭示局部结构信息如缺陷及共生等,对介观尺度多孔材料的结构解析至关重要.对近年来通过电子显微学方法解析的介观尺度多孔材料工作进行了综述,主要针对有序介孔材料以及有序大孔材料展开,归纳了不同结构类型的介观尺度多孔材料所适用的电子晶体学方法,在此基础上提出电子显微学在介观尺度孔材料结构解析上的优势、不足和未来发展的方向,以及将电子显微学用于其它材料结构解析的可行性.Ordered porous materials on the meso-structural scale have attracted great attention due to their ordered porous structure,large surface area and unique spatial confinement effect,which may find widespread applications in adsorption,separation,catalysis,sensing,drug delivery,energy storage,etc.The in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of these porous materials is not only essential for understanding their properties and performances,but also the key for the future materials synthesis and their formation mechanism.The structural solution of porous materials on the meso-structural scale by using electron microscopy for last decades was outlined,which shows great advantages in the structural solution of the porous solids through diffractometry and imaging.Several representative examples including ordered mesoporous materials and macro-porous scaffolds,have been solved by appropriate methods.Then,the electron microscopy methods applicable to different types of porous materials were summarized.Finally,the advantages,limitations and future development of electron microscopy towards new porous materials,as well as the feasibility of using this technique for other materials were concluded.

关 键 词：介孔材料 大孔材料 电子显微学 三维重构 晶体缺陷 

分 类 号：TB383.4[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]