气吸滚筒式蔬菜育苗播种流水线设计  

Design of air suction roller type sowing line for vegetable seedling

作　　者：沈薛昊 唐帅 高辉松[1] 周永清[1] 薛金林[1] Shen Xuehao;Tang Shuai;Gao Huisong;Zhou Yongqing;Xue Jinlin(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京市210031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2022年第11期15-23,共9页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(19)2025)。

摘　　要：为提高工厂化蔬菜育苗播种的效率,设计一种集铺土、覆土、清扫土、压穴和播种多功能于一体的蔬菜育苗播种流水线。首先进行蔬菜育苗播种流水线整机结构设计,然后进行铺覆土装置、清扫土装置、压穴装置、播种装置与穴盘传输装置等关键部件的设计,最后进行样机性能试验。针对试制样机,以油菜种子作为试验对象,选择真空度、播种滚筒吸嘴孔径和吸嘴孔型三因素做正交试验,并对试验结果进行极差和方差分析得到最优因素组合。在真空度为7 kPa,吸嘴孔型为直孔,吸嘴孔径为1.0 mm的因素组合下进行验证试验,所设计的蔬菜育苗播种流水线在不同播种效率下的播种合格率稳定在93%以上,重播率低于3%,空穴率低于5%,结果表明样机播种性能满足设计参数中的穴盘育苗精量播种的精度和效率要求。In order to improve the efficiency of the seeding production line device for industrialized vegetable seedling,a vegetable seeding production line device integrating soil paving,soil covering,soil cleaning,hole pressing and seeding was designed.Firstly,the structure of the whole vegetable seeding production line device was designed,and then the key components such as soil paving device,soil cleaning device,hole pressing device,seeding device and hole tray transmission device were designed.Finally,the performance test of the prototype was carried out.For the trial prototype,taking rape seed as the test object,three factors such as the vacuum degree,the suction nozzle diameter and the suction nozzle hole type of seeding drum were selected for orthogonal test,and the range and variance analysis of the test results were carried out to obtain the optimal factor combination.The verification test was carried out under the combination of factors such as the vacuum degree of 7 kPa,the suction nozzle hole type of straight hole and the suction nozzle diameter of 1.0 mm.The results showed that the seeding qualified rate of the designed vegetable seeding production line device under different seeding efficiency was stable above 93%,the seeding rate was less than 3%,and the hole rate was less than 5%.The results showed that the sowing performance of the prototype could meet the requirements of precision sowing precision and efficiency of hole tray seedling raising in the design parameters.

关 键 词：穴盘育苗 油菜种子 播种 育苗流水线 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]