基于甲病毒载体兽用疫苗的研究进展  

Progress in research on veterinary vaccines based on alphavirus vectors

作　　者：井汇源(综述) 段二珍(审校) JING Hui-yuan;DUAN Er-zhen(Henan Universiy of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhenghou 450046,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河南牧业经济学院动物医药学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南工业大学生物工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2022年第9期1133-1137,共5页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32002265);河南牧业经济学院项目(MXK2016102,2018KYTD16)。

摘　　要：病毒通过进化可在细胞内实现自身基因的高效表达,并激活免疫反应,使其成为疫苗研发中抗原的理想递送载体。由于甲病毒载体能够稳定携带外源基因,且诱导插入突变的概率极低,已成为重要的病毒载体疫苗平台。基于甲病毒载体的兽用疫苗在动物体内可产生良好的免疫效果,该载体上存在甲病毒RNA聚合酶的基因,可模拟病毒复制,因此携带的抗原基因在表达量、持续时间、免疫效果方面均优于亚单位疫苗、灭活疫苗和传统的DNA/RNA疫苗。根据抗原递送的策略和依赖的启动子不同,可将基于甲病毒载体的疫苗分为质粒型DNA疫苗(plasmid DNA-based vaccine)、自我复制型mRNA疫苗(self-amplifying mRNA vaccine,SAM)和病毒样囊泡疫苗(viruslike vesicles vaccine,VLV),其中VLV克服了核酸疫苗面临的不稳定性和体内递送效果不佳的难题。本文就基于甲病毒载体的兽用疫苗的研究进展作一综述,以期为新型兽用疫苗的研发提供借鉴。Viruses have evolved to efficiently express their genes in host cells and induce robust immune responses,which makes them ideally suited as antigen delivery vectors for vaccine development. Due to the capacity of accom-modation foreign sequences with a good degree of stability and limited possibility for insertional mutagenesis,alphaviruses have been engineered as important vaccine platform. Multiple alphavirus-based vaccines against veterinary pathogens have demonstrated encouraging results in animals. The presence of RNA polymerase genes in vectors mimics the replicative features of alphavirus,thus increases the duration and magnitude of the expression,as well as immunogenicity of the encoded antigen in comparison to subunit,inactivated and conventional DNA/RNA vaccines. According to various antigen delivery strategies and promoters,vaccines based on alphavirus vector are classified as plasmid DNA-based vaccine,self-amplifying mRNA vaccine(SAM)and virus-like vesicles vaccine(VLV),of which VLV has overcome the instability and inefficient in vivo delivery issues faced by nucleic acid vaccines. This article reviews the progress in research on veterinary vaccines based on alphavirus vectors,so as to provide a reference for development of new veterinary vaccines.

关 键 词：甲病毒 载体 兽用疫苗 

分 类 号：Q933.94[生物学—微生物学]