擅自处理公开的个人信息行为的刑法认定  

Criminal Law Identification of Unauthorized Handling of Public Personal Information

作　　者：刘宪权[1] Liu Xianquan

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2022年第5期20-33,共14页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(项目编号:20&ZD199)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：擅自处理公开的个人信息行为的定性问题在刑法理论与司法实务中存在重大分歧。本文认为,该行为在刑事违法性层面符合侵犯公民个人信息罪的构成要件,在法益侵害性层面严重危及信息主体的个人信息自决权,符合侵犯公民个人信息罪构成要件。个人信息的安全保障与流通价值均不可偏废,公开的个人信息的流通利用价值尤其值得关注。实践中应当尽量减少对擅自处理公开的个人信息行为的刑事处置,限缩对侵犯公民个人信息罪的适用范围。具体路径为从严认定侵犯公民个人信息罪中的“违反国家有关规定”,将未履行告知义务的处理行为排除在犯罪圈外,严格限定“个人权益”和“重大影响”的范围。The characterization of the act of unauthorized handling of publicly available personal information has generated significant controversy in criminal law academia and judicial practice.The act of unauthorized handling of personal information is in line with the constitutive elements of Article 253 of the Criminal Law,and the act of infringement of legal interests seriously endangers the right to selfdetermination of personal information of the information subject,and therefore can be qualified as a crime of infringement of citizens’personal information.The security and circulation value of personal information cannot be neglected,and the circulation value of public personal information is particularly worthy of attention.Therefore,the criminalization of unauthorized handling of public personal information should be minimized and the application of the crime of infringement of citizens’personal information should be limited.The specific path is to strictly identify"violation of relevant state regulations"in the crime of violating citizens’personal information.On the one hand,it should exclude the processing of failure to fulfill the obligation of notification,and on the other hand,it should strictly limit the scope of"personal rights and interests"and"significant influence".

关 键 词：擅自处理 公开的个人信息 侵犯公民个人信息罪 安全保障 流通价值 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]