云南八角林地土壤养分诊断与综合评价  

Diagnosis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Nutrient in Illicium verum Hook.f.Forest Land in Yunnan

作　　者：余兴华[1] 杨艳梅 李玉祥[1] 滕娟[1] 孟凡来[1] 徐加翠 王春芳 YU Xing-hua;YANG Yan-mei;LI Yu-xiang;TENG Juan;MENG Fan-lai;XU Jia-cui;WANG Chun-fang(Wenshan State Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wenshan Yunnan 663099,P.R.China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Yuezhe Town,Qiubei County,Qiubei Yunnan 663201,P.R.China;Qujing Seed Management Station,Qujing Yunnan 665000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]文山州农业科学院,云南文山663099 [2]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201 [3]文山州丘北县曰者镇农业综合服务中心,云南丘北663201 [4]曲靖市种子管理站,云南曲靖655000

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2022年第5期21-27,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省文山州基础科学研究项目(2019WF03);文山州创新人才项目([2021]36号);八角高质量发展项目([2021]26号)。

摘　　要：为探明云南八角林地的土壤养分现状,对八角林地科学施肥提供理论依据。本文以云南省文山州7个县的八角林地土壤为研究对象,通过测定土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾共8个养分指标,对林地土壤养分指标进行诊断,应用模糊综合评价法对种植地养分进行综合评价。结果显示:(1)八角林地土壤养分指标的变异系数为18.85%~64.44%,其中有效磷的变异系数最大;土壤pH值为4.47~4.80,呈酸性;有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷均达到丰富等级,速效钾为一般等级,全磷和全钾为贫瘠等级。(2)养分指标共提取到3个主成分,第一主成分以有机质、氮和磷元素为主,第二主成分以钾元素为主,第三主成分以pH值为主,3个成分的累积贡献率为94.67%。不同八角种植地的综合得分表明,文山县和砚山县的土壤综合指数为Ⅱ级,属于肥沃水平;西畴县、广南县、富宁县和麻栗坡县的土壤综合指数为Ⅲ级,属于一般水平;马关县的土壤综合指数为Ⅳ级,属于较低水平。由此可知,云南八角主要种植区域的土壤养分水平整体不理想,钾元素和磷元素是影响其林地土壤养分的主要限制因子。In order to explore soil nutrient of Illicium verum forest land in Yunnan and provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of I.verum forest land,the soil of I.verum forest land in seven counties of Wenshan province,Yunnan Province was studied.The soil nutrient index of forest land were diagnosed by measuring eight nutrient indexes of soil pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the nutrients of the planting land.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of soil nutrient index in I.verum forest land was between 18.85%and 64.44%,with the largest coefficient of variation for effective phosphorus.Soil pH value was from 4.47 to 4.80 and was acidic.Organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus of soil all reached the rich grade,available potassium was general grade,total phosphorus and total potassium were barren grade.Nutrient indexes were extracted from three main components,the first principal component was dominated by organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus element,the second main component was mainly potassium element,the third principal component was dominated by pH value,the cumulative contribution of the three components was 94.67%.The comprehensive score of the different I.verum planting plots indicated that the soil comprehensive index of Wenshan County and Yanshan County was grade II and belongs to the fertile level.The soil comprehensive index of Xichou County,Guangnan County,Funing County and Malipo County was grade III and belongs to the general level.The soil comprehensive index of Maguan County was grade IV and belongs to the lower level.According to above results,it can be seen that the overall soil nutrient level in the main planting area of Yunnan I.verum was not ideal,and potassium and phosphorus elements were the main limiting factors affecting soil nutrients in forest land.

关 键 词：八角林地 云南 土壤养分 综合评价 

分 类 号：S573.6[农业科学—作物学] S714