天山北坡雪岭云杉森林的蒸腾耗水规律  

Transpiration and Water Consumption Patterns of Picea schrenkiana Forests in Northern Tianshan

作　　者：李宝 常顺利[1] 孙雪娇 张毓涛 李吉玫 李翔 LI Bao;CHANG Shun-li;SUN Xue-jiao;ZHANG Yu-tao;LI Ji-mei;LI Xiang(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology under the Ministry of Education,Collage of Resources and Environmental Science,Xinjiang University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830046,P.R.China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Xinjiang Acadamy of Forestry,Urumqi Xinjiang 830063,P.R.China;Xinjiang Tianshan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Urumqi Xinjiang 830063,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆林科院森林生态研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [3]新疆天山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2022年第5期106-112,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD07B030304);新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目(201331125);国家自然科学基金项目(U1503187)。

摘　　要：为准确估算天山雪岭云杉森林的林分蒸腾耗水量,正确认识不同胸径雪岭云杉的蒸腾耗水规律,在天山北坡中部雪岭云杉森林设置8 hm^(2)样地,利用Granier热扩散探针法(TDP)对不同胸径雪岭云杉树干液流进行自动监测,并在研究区内同步监测影响雪岭云杉树干液流的主要气象因子,分析天山雪岭云杉森林林分蒸腾耗水的日变化特征与不同月变化规律。结果显示:(1)天山北坡雪岭云杉树干液流速率表现出典型的昼高夜低的单峰型日变化特征,且不同月份的平均树干液流速率不同,其中最小值月份(5月)平均液流速率约为2.37 L/(dm^(2)·h),最大值月份(8月)平均液流速率约为5.49 L/(dm^(2)·h);(2)影响雪岭云杉森林林分蒸腾的主要气象因子为饱和水汽压差、太阳总辐射、温度和大气湿度;(3)整个生长季内雪岭云杉林分蒸腾耗水量变化呈“先增加后减少”的趋势。同时生长季雪岭云杉蒸腾日平均耗水量约为47.27 t/(hm^(2)·d),日最大耗水量出现在8月份,为63.89 t/(hm^(2)·d)。研究结果表明:天山雪岭云杉森林受西北干旱区生态环境的影响,林分的蒸腾耗水率呈季节性变化。本文为深入了解天山雪岭云杉森林对生态环境的适应性提供了科学参考,同时也为当地生态环境承载力评价和生态规划、建设以及管理提供科学依据,为退化的生态系统保护和重建过程中的树种选择提供理论依据。In order to accurately estimate the transpiration water consumption in Picea schrenkiana forests in Tianshan Mountain and to correctly understand the transpiration water consumption patterns of P.schrenkiana at different diameters,an 8 hm^(2) sample plot was set up in P.schrenkiana forests in Tianshan Mountain and the sap flow of P.schrenkiana at different diameters was automatically monitored using the Granier thermal diffusion probe(TDP)method.The results showed that:(1)The sap flow rate of P.schrenkiana on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain exhibited a typical diurnal high and low daily variation,and the average sap flow rate changed from month to month,with the minimum month(May)having an average sap flow rate of about 2.37 L/(dm^(2)·h)and the maximum month(August)having an average sap flow rate of about 5.49 L/(dm^(2)·h);(2)The main meteorological factors affecting the transpiration of P.schrenkiana forest stands were saturated water vapor pressure difference,total solar radiation,temperature and atmospheric humidity.(3)The average daily water consumption of P.schrenkiana stands during the growing season was about 47 t/(hm^(2)·d),and the maximum daily water consumption was 63.89 t/(hm^(2)·d)in August.The results indicated that the transpiration water consumption rate of P.schrenkiana forests in the Tianshan was affected by the ecological environment of the northwest arid zone,and the transpiration water consumption rate of forest stands showed seasonal changes.

关 键 词：树干液流 蒸腾耗水量 雪岭云杉 天山 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学] S791.18