基于热超构材料的能量收集与热电转换特性  

Energy harvesting and thermoelectric conversion characteristics based on thermal metamaterials

作　　者：李一鸣 王鑫 李昊 杜宪 孙鹏 Li Yi-Ming;Wang Xin;Li Hao;Du Xian;Sun Peng(College of Electronic Information and Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Transportation Institute,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学电子信息工程学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古大学交通学院,呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《物理学报》2022年第20期267-276,共10页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(批准号:202110126036)资助的课题。

摘　　要：针对温差发电器的局限性,利用热超构材料的热场调控特性,提出了将温差发电器与二维扇形热超构材料能量收集结构进行集成,从而改善温差发电器的热电转换效率.基于有限元多物理场仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics研究了不同材料对能量收集结构热场调控性能的影响,确定材料后对其进行热电性能仿真,仿真结果表明,能量收集结构可实现热流的有效调控,在同一仿真条件下能量收集中心的温度梯度相比自然材料提高了8倍.对不同尺寸温差发电器发电量进行研究,在此基础上综合考虑加工精度和测试难度,完成了能量收集结构3维建模及加工制造.搭建实验测试系统,使用热成像仪观测能量收集结构的温度分布,测试实验结果显示该能量收集结构可以有效调控热场,在相同冷热源条件下相比自然材料结构可以将温差发电器的工作效率提高3.2倍,对推动温差发电技术更加迅速地发展具有一定的现实意义.Considering the limitations of thermoelectric generators,the integration of thermoelectric generator with two-dimensional fan-shaped thermal metamaterial energy harvesting device is proposed to improve the thermalto-electrical energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric generator(TEG)by regulating the thermal field.Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics software simulation,the influences of different materials on the performances of energy harvesting devices in thermal field regulation are investigated.The performances of the selected materials are simulated,indicating that the energy harvesting device can effectively regulate heat flow,the temperature gradient in the center of it is increased by eight times compared with the natural material under the same simulation conditions.The generated electrical energy of thermoelectric generators of different sizes is studied,then three-dimensional modeling and processing of the energy harvesting device are completed by carefully considering the processing accuracy and testing difficulty.The experimental test system is set up to observe the temperature distribution of the energy harvesting device equipped with an infrared thermal imager,The test results demonstrate that the energy harvesting device can effectively regulate the thermal field.In comparison with the natural material,the working efficiency of the thermoelectric generators can be increased by 3.2 times under the same experimental condition,which has specific practical significance for promoting the rapid development of thermoelectric power generation technology.

关 键 词：温差发电器 热超构材料 热场调控 热能收集 

分 类 号：TM913[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]